THE EXISTENCE OF COMMUNITIES’ HUMAN RIGHTS IN MINING AREAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/dlc.v2i1.9824Keywords:
Human Rights, Minerba Law, Mining Area GovernmentAbstract
This research is used to answer two problem formulations. First, what is the human rights approach to overcoming the dangers of mining in Indonesia. Second, how is law enforcement against the negative impacts of mining in Indonesia. The research method used in normative juridical research. The data used is secondary data by examining primary legal materials in the form of statutory regulations related to this issue and secondary legal materials in the form of articles or scientific papers, as well as tertiary legal materials. This research was analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis after the data was obtained. The results of this research focus on two conclusions. The state is primarily obligated to protect and respect human rights as the fundamental rights of every individual. International legal instruments such as the ICCPR, UDHR, and CAT regulate state obligations regarding human rights, while at the national level, they are regulated in statutory regulations. As a legal state, Indonesia is also obliged to protect human rights, including the right to live in prosperity, a good and healthy environment, and health services. Mining is an activity that has a direct impact on the environment. Although the mining sector contributes to state income and employment, it is often associated with problems of environmental degradation. Administrative sanctions that can be imposed for violations in mining include written warnings, fines, temporary suspension of activities, and revocation of permits. The Minerba Law also regulates criminal sanctions, including imprisonment and fines.
References
Books
Abdurrahman, S, Metode Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2003.
Butarbutar, E.N, Metode Penelitian Hukum: Langkah-Langkah untuk Menemukan Kebenaran dalam Ilmu Hukum, Bandung: PT Refika Aditama, 2018.
Danusaputra, Munadjat, Hukum Lingkungan, Jakarta: Binacipta, 1985.
Hardjasoemantri, Koesnadi, Hukum Tata Lingkungan, Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada Press, 2015.
Hayet, F. A., The Constitution of Liberty: The Definitive Edition, London: The University of Chicago Press, 2011.
Mertokusumo, Sudikno, Mengenal Hukum (Suatu Pengantar), Yogyakarta: Liberty, 2007.
Journal Articles
Astuti, et al., "Implikasi Kebijakan Indonesia Dalam Menangani Kasus Pencemaran Lingkungan oleh PT Freeport Terhadap Keamanan Manusia di Mimika Papua", Journal of International Relations 4, no. 3 (2018): 548, Doi:10.14710/jirud.v4i3.21080.
Fitriyanti, Reno, “Pertambangan Batubara: Dampak Lingkungan, Sosial dan Ekonomi”, Journal Redoks 1, no. 1 (2018): 34-40, https://doi.org/10.31851/redoks.v1i1.2017.
Hidayat, Eko, “Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Negara Hukum Indonesia”, ASAS 8, no. 2 (2016): 81, https://dx.doi.org/10.24042/asas.v8i2.1249.
Kahpi, Ashabul, "Jaminan konstitusional terhadap Hak Atas Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia," Al Daulah: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Ketatanegaraan 2, no. 2 (2013): 144, https://doi.org/10.24252/ad.v2i2.1472.
Manik, Jeanne Darc Noviayanti, “Pengelolaan Pertambangan Yang Berdampak Lingkungan di Indonesia”, Promine 1, no. 1 (2018): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.33019/promine.v1i1.64.
Muhammad, Mukmin, "Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Hukum Positif Dengan Konsep Constitutional Importance", Meraja Journal 1, no. 2 (2018): 31-38, https://doi.org/10.33080/mrj.v1i2.10.
Prianto, Yuwono, et al., “Penegakan Hukum Pertambangan Tanpa Izin Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Konservasi Fungsi Lingkungan Hidup”, Bina Hukum Lingkungan 4, No. 1 (2019): 13, http://dx.doi.org/10.24970/bhl.v4i1.80.
Putri, Alvika Fatmawati Dwi and Mujiono Hafidh Prasetyo, “Kebijakan Hukum Pidana dalam Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana di Bidang Pertambangan”, Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 3, No. 3 (2021): 313, https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v3i3.312-324.
Putri, Victoria Sherly Endrico, “Analisis Pemidanaan Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pertambangan Batubara Tanpa Izin Usaha Pertambangan Studi Kasus di Kutai”, Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan 5, No. 1 (2021): 470, https://doi.org/10.58258/jisip.v5i1.1754.
Rahmatillah, Sharifah and Tasbi Husen, “Penyalahgunaan Pengelolaan Pertambangan Terhadap Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup di Kecamatan Kluet Tengah”, Legitimacy 7, no. 1 (2018): 152-153, http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/legitimasi.v7i1.3969.
Sarie, Haryatie, "Potensi Bahaya Kontaminasi Logam Berat Di Lahan Bekas Tambang Batubara Yang Digunakan Sebagai Lahan Pertanian", Bul. Loupe 15, no. 02 (2019): 37, http://dx.doi.org/10.51967/buletinloupe.v15i02.40.
Wardani et al., "Overview Analisis Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan pada Industri Pertambangan di Beberapa Negara", Syntax Idea 3, no. 2 (2021): 299, https://doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v3i2.1054.
Internet
Ahdiat, Adi, “These are the Largest Coal Producing Countries in 2022”, May 30, 2023, https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2023/01/06/ini-negara-penghasil-batu-bara-terbesar-2022#:~:text=According to %20International%20Energy%20Agency%20(IEA,juta%20ton%20batu%20bara%20metallurgy.
Antara, “KLHK Reveals Reasons Why 59 Percent of Indonesian Rivers Are Polluted Heavy", May 30, 2023, https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1488232/klhk-ungkap-penyebab-59-persen-sungai-di-indonesia-tercemar-berat.
Kompas.com., “Three Big Companies Become Suspects of Illegal Mining in East Kalimantan”, May 29, 2023, https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/10/06/082014078/tiga-perusahaan-besar-jadi-tersangka-tambang-ilegal-di-kaltim.
TuK Indonesia, “Record Footsteps Case Mining in Indonesia”, May 29, 2023, https://www.tuk.or.id/wp-content/uploads/REKAM-JEJAK-KASUS-PERTAMBANGAN.pdf.
Law and Regulations as a Reference
Indonesia, Central Government, Government Regulation Number 78 of 2010 concerning Reclamation and Post-Mining (2010).
Indonesia, Central Government, Law Number 32 of 2009 regarding Protection and Management Environment Life (2009).
Indonesia, Central Government, Law Number 3 of 2020 regarding Changes to the Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining (2020).
United Nations, The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm Declaration, UN General Assembly Resolutions 2994/XXVII, 2995/ XXVII and 2996/XXII of 15 December 1972 (1972).
