GREEN LEGISLATION, GREEN FINANCIAL CRIME, AND INDONESIA CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: A PERSPECTIVE FROM ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE’S THEORY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/dlc.v2i2.9888Keywords:
Constitutional Law, Environmental Law, Green Financial Crime, Green LegislationAbstract
Green financial crimes are a serious threat to Indonesia's sustainable development initiatives. This research examines the ways in which financial operations affecting environmental sustainability might be regulated by constitutional legislation, preventing digital innovation from undermining environmental conservation initiatives. In order to better understand how these components, interact and how legal frameworks must change to meet these problems, this study examined the convergence of digital financial systems, green financial crimes, and Indonesian constitutional law, with a particular emphasis on precedent-setting cases. This research explores how the theory of environmental justice shapes the legal discourse on digitalization and green financial crime, and examines how Indonesian green legislation addresses the challenges posed by such crimes. This research uses qualitative techniques to analyze Indonesia's constitutional law, financial and environmental regulations, and judicial rulings. The study compares Indonesia's approach to environmental crimes using various technique with other countries policies and identifies areas for reform. The findings of this research highlight the urgency of uncovering contextual challenges that must be addressed, including the increasing use of digital platforms to anticipate green financial crimes, particularly in areas such as deforestation and environmental exploitation, through the proposal of green legislation. The present analysis underscores the necessity for Indonesia to adapt its legal and regulatory frameworks in order to tackle the environmental protection concerns brought about by the digital economy.
References
Journal Articles
Arifin, Ridwan and Siti Hafsyah Idris, "In Dubio Pro Natura: In Doubt, Should the Environment Be a Priority? A Discourse of Environmental Justice in Indonesia", Jambe Law Journal 6, no. 2 (2023): 143-184, doi: 10.22437/jlj.6.2.143-184.
Arifin, Siti Roshaidai Mohd, "Ethical Considerations in Qualitative Study", International Journal of Care Scholars 1, no. 2 (2018): 30–33, https://doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v1i2.82.
Butt, Simon and Prayekti Murharjanti, "The Constitutional Right to a Healthy Environment in Indonesia", Journal of Environmental Law 33, no. 1 (2021): 33–56, https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqaa031.
Davies, Pamela Ann, "Green Crime and Victimization: Tensions between Social and Environmental Justice", Theoretical Criminology 18, no. 3 (2014): 300–316, https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480614522286.
Haven, Tamarinde L. and Dr. Leonie Van Grootel, "Preregistering Qualitative Research", Accountability in Research 26, no. 3 (April 3, 2019): 229-244, https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2019.1580147.
Khan, Shahid N., "Qualitative Research Method: Grounded Theory", International Journal of Business and Management 9, no. 11 (2014): 224-233, http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v9n11p224.
Mohai, Paul, et al., "Environmental Justice", Annual Review of Environment and Resources 34, no. 1 (2019): 405-430, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-082508-094348.
Nahwiy, Ahmad, et al., "Analysis of Corporate Crime Punishment in Environmental Cases in Indonesia," Pranata Hukum 19, no. 2 (2024): 143-158. https://doi.org/:10.36448/pranatahukum.v19i2.352.
Natow, Rebecca S, "He Use of Triangulation in Qualitative Studies Employing Elite Interviews", Qualitative Research 20, no. 2 (2020): 160-173, https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794119830077.
Nielsen, Karina, et al., "The Art of Preceptorship. A Qualitative Study", Nurse Education in Practice 26 (2017): 39–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2017.06.009.
Qurbani, Indah Dwi, et al., "Strategic Analysis of Green Finance Crime to Strengthen Green Economy in Emerging Markets", Corporate Law & Governance Review 6, no. 2 (2024): 32-41, https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv6i2p3.
Reurink, Arjan, "White-Collar Crime: The Concept and Its Potential for the Analysis of Financial Crime", European Journal of Sociology/Archives Européennes de Sociologie 57, no. 3 (2016): 385–415, http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.12370.76488.
Rohmy, Atikah Mardhiya, et al., "Judicial Mafia and Ecological in Justice: The Obstacles of Indonesian Ecological Justice-Based Policies Enforcement on Forest Destruction", Tree, Forest, and People 17 (2024): 2666-7193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100613.
Saputra, Rian, et al., "Ecological Justice in Environmental Criminal Sanctions for Corporations in Indonesia: Problems and Solution", Journal of Law, Environmental and Justice 2, no. 1 (2024): 1–17, http://dx.doi.org/10.62264/jlej.v2i1.19.
Schlosberg, David and Lisette B. Collins, "From Environmental to Climate Justice: Climate Change and the Discourse of Environmental Justice", WIREs Climate Change 5, no. 3 (2014): 359-374, https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.275.
_______________, "Theorising Environmental Justice: The Expanding Sphere of a Discourse", Environmental Politics 22, no. 1 (2013): 37–55, https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2013.755387.
Suharko, "Urban Environmental Justice Movements in Yogyakarta, Indonesia", Environmental Sociology 6, no. 3 (2020): 231-241, https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2020.1778263.
Wolf, Brian, "Green‐Collar Crime: Environmental Crime and Justice in the Sociological Perspective", Sociology Compass 5, no. 7 (2015): 499–511, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2011.00381.x.
Young, Mary Alice and Deborah Adkins, "The Ascent of Green Crime: Exploring the Nexus between the Net Zero Transition and Organized Crime", Journal of Financial Crime 29, no. 3 (2022): 789-791, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFC-07-2022-277.
Zaid, M., et al., "The Sanctions on Environmental Performances: An Assessment of Indonesia and Brazilia Practice", Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, no. 2 (2023): 236-264, https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i2.70.
Research Results
DeLay, Randolph Haluza, "Educating for Environmental Justice", (Research Result, Routledg, 2014).
Gunningham, Neil, "Crime, Regulation and Climate Finance" (Research Result, Routledge, 2020).
Holifield, Ryan, "Environmental Justice and Political Ecology" (Research Result, Routledge, 2015).
_____________, et al., "Introduction: The Worlds of Environmental Justice", (Research Result, Routledge, 2017).
Julian Agyeman, "Environmental Justice and Sustainability", in Handbook of Sustainable Development (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014).
Levi, Michael, "Green with Envy: Environmental Crimes and Black Money," (Research Result, Routledge, 2018).
____________, "Risky Money: Regulating Financial Crime," (Research Result, Routledge, 2001).
Muhdar, Muhamad, et al., "Risk Distribution in Coal Mining: Fighting for Environmental Justice in East Kalimantan, Indonesia," (Research Result, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Law, Government and Social Justice (ICOLGAS, 2019).
Naghi, Laura Elly, et al., "Policy and Regulatory Framework on Fighting Financial Crime for Developing Sustainable Economy Models," (Research Result, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023).
Tenny, Steven, et al., Qualitative Study (Treasure Island (FL), StatPearls Publishing, 2017).
Twining, Peter, et al., "Some Guidance on Conducting and Reporting Qualitative Studies", (Research Result, Elsevier, 2017).
Article in an Anthology with an Editor
Bell, Derek and Jayne Carrick, "Procedural Environmental Justice", in The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Justice (Routledge, 2017).
Endriana, Muchamad Satria, et al., "Green Financial Crime: Expose About Financial Crime in The Environment and Renewable Energy World", in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 1270 (IOP Publishing, 2023).
Fernando, Zico Junius, et al., "Green Economy for Green Victimology: Preventing Environmental Crime and Protecting Victims Through Sustainable Economic Policies", in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 1270 (IOP Publishing, 2023).
Gottschalk, Petter, "Reducing Financial Crime Convenience for Sustainable Finance. A Case Study of Danske Bank in Estonia", in Sustainable Finance and Financial Crime, ed. Michel Dion, Sustainable Finance (Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023).
Harris, Hannah, "Financing Environmental Crime: Financial Sector Complicity in Global Deforestation and Opportunities for Regulatory Intervention", in Financial Crime and the Law, ed. Doron Goldbarsht and Louis De Koker, vol. 115, Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice (Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024).
Law and Regulations as a Reference
Indonesia, Central Government, The Constitutional Law of 1945 (1945).
Indonesia, Central Government, Law No. 11 of 2008, regarding The Information and Electronic Transactions (2008).
Indonesia, Central Government, Law No. 32 of 2009, regarding The Environmental Protection and Management (2009).
Indonesia, Central Government, Law No. 7 of 2011, regarding tThe National Currency (2011).