BAYANGAN AKAN BANGSA DALAM KONTEKS HAK UNTUK MENENTUKAN NASIB SENDIRI: SUATU WACANA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/jep.v36i1.2958Keywords:
peoples, nation-state, right to self determinationAbstract
Two issues shall be discussed: what is meant by people’s right to self determination and how has it been realized, also in the context of indigenous-tribal peoples. Analysis shall be done, by using a juridical doctrinal method. The purpose would go beyond explaining but also induce understanding of people’s right to self determination in the context of nation states. One determining faktor in the construction of a nation state is the emergence of an imagined solidarity between peoples from different races, tribes, or religious beliefs, being the result of suffering under colonialism. Notwithstanding that indigenous or tribal peoples may and in fact experience similar suffering under the state they are considered to be part of, international law, while recognizing their right to self determination, does not fully extend the same scope of rights to them.
References
Buku
Anderson. Benedict, 2006, Imagined Communities Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, revised edition, Verso: London-New York
Fukuyama. Francis, 2001, The Origins of Political Order: from Prehuman Times to the French Revolution, Farrar, Straus and Giroux: New York
Fukuyama. Francis, 2014, Political Order and Political Decay: from the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy, Farrar, Straus and Giroux: New York, 2014.
Resink. G.J., 2012. Indonesia's History Between the Myths: Essay in Legal Historical Theory, Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu.
Schraeder. Peter J., 2004. African politics and society: a mosaic in transformation, 2nd ed. Belmont, CA-: Thomson/Wadsworth.
Jurnal
Barelli, Mauro. “The Role of Soft Law in the International Legal System: The Case of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.” The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, vol. 58, no. 4, 2009, pp. 957–983. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25622251.
Berlin, Ilya, "Unilateral Non-Colonial Secessions: An Affirmation of the Right to Self-Determination and a Legal Exception to the Use of Force in International Law" (2017) ElectronicThesis and Dissertation Repository. 4777. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4777
Foulcher. Keith, “Sumpah Pemuda: the making and meaning of a symbol of Indonesian nationhood”, Asian Studies Review, Vol. 24 (3): 377-410, https://doi.org/10.1080/10357820008713281
Globus, P. (1996). QUESTIONING THE QUESTION: The Quebec Referendum. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 53(2), 148-151. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/42579746
Gómez Isa, Felipe. “The Role of Soft Law in the Progressive Development of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights”. DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198791409.003.0010/ di dalam Stéphanie Lagoutte, Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen, and John Cerone, Tracing the Roles of Soft Law in Human Rights, Oxford Scholarship Online: January 2017, DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198791409.001.0001.
Joor J. (2016) The Napoleonic Period in Holland from a Dutch Historical Perspective. In: Planert U. (eds) Napoleon’s Empire. War, Culture and Society, 1750–1850. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Kingsbury, Benedict. ""Indigenous Peoples" in International Law: A Constructivist Approach to the Asian Controversy." The American Journal of International Law 92, no. 3 (1998): 414-57. doi:10.2307/2997916.
Mishra. Binoda. K., “The Nation-State Problematic in Asia: The South Asian Experience, PERCEPTIONS, Spring 2014, Volume XIX, Number 1, pp. 71-85.
Smith, A. D. (1991). The Nation: Invented, Imagined, Reconstructed? Millennium, 20(3), 353–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298910200031001.
Peraturan Perundang-undangan/Konvensi Internasional
UN Charter (1945); https://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/un-charter-full-text/. (31/07/2019).
Convention concerning the Protection and Integration of Indigenous and Other Tribal and Semi-Tribal Populations in Independent Countries (Entry into force: 02 Jun 1959). Adoption: Geneva, 40th ILC session (26 Jun 1957). Status: Outdated instrument (Technical Convention).
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/declaration.shtml. (31/07/2019)
International Convention of Civil-Political Rights (ICCPR; Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 19 December 1966
International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 16 December 1966
Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the UN Charter of 1970 (UN GA Res. 2625 (XXV), 24.10.1970
Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169); Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, Entry into force: 05 Sep 1991), Adoption: Geneva, 76th ILC session (27 Jun 1989).
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), adopted in 2007 by the UN General Assembly.
United Nations, Indigenous Peoples and the United Nations: Human Rights System, Fact Sheet No. 9/Rev.2, New York and Geneva, 2013; https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/fs9Rev.2.pdf. (01/08/2019)
Annex I Agreement between the Republic of Indonesia and the Portuguese Republic on the question of East Timor (5 may 1999). Tersedia di https://peacemaker.un.org/timorleaste-agreement99. (10/09/2019).
UNGA, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, UN Doc, A/RES/61/295 (2007)
Sumber lain (encyclopedia, situs dll.)
Anonimus, The white man’s burden, tersedia di http://mrdixonsclass.weebly.com/uploads/8/0/1/9/8019996/white_mans_burden.pdf.
Anonimus, Three Generations of Human Rights, tersedia di https://www.globalization101.org/three-generations-of-rights/ (17/09/2019).
Anonimus, The Social Contract, tersedia di https://www.britannica.com/topic/constitution-politics-and-law/The-social-contract. (17/09/2019).
Anonimus, “1806-1813: The French Period”, tersedia di https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio/timeline-dutch-history/1806-1813-french-period. (31/07/2019).
Anonimus, The act of abjuration and the declaration of independence, tersedia di https://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/additional-resources/dutch-treats/the-act-of-abjuration/ (01/08/2019).
Anonimus, U.S. State Department: Russia's Crimea 'referendum' was farce 15:35, 17 March 2019, tersedia di https://www.unian.info/politics/10482378-u-s-state-department-russia-s-crimea-referendum-was-farce.html.
Anonimus, Cuius regio, eius religio: political and religious doctrine; https://www.britannica.com/topic/cuius-regio-eius-religio (10/09/2019)
Anonimus, The Breakup of Yugoslavia, 1990–1992, https://history.state.gov/milestones/1989-1992/breakup-yugoslavia (18/09/2019).
Bates. Crispin, “The Hidden Story of Partition and its Legacies”, Last updated 2011-03-03. Tersedia di http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/partition1947_01.shtml. (18/09/2019)
Coynash. Halya, “Myth, ’observers’ & victims of Russia’s fake Crimean referendum”, http://khpg.org/en/index.php?id=1458089893 (10/09/2019).
Dalrymple. William, “The Great Divide: The violent legacy of Indian Partition” June 22, 2015, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/06/29/the-great-divide-books-dalrymple (18/09/2019).
Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft: social theory, tersedia di https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gemeinschaft-and-Gesellschaft. (16/09/2019).
Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Spanish Netherlands (c. 1579-1713) :historical province, Europe; tersedia di https://www.britannica.com/place/Spanish-Netherlands. (31/07/2019).
Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Apartheid: social policy”, Last Updated: Sep 5, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/topic/apartheid (12/09/2019).
Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Collapse of the Soviet Union: Russian history, Aug, 11, 2019, tersedia di https://www.britannica.com/event/the-collapse-of-the-Soviet-Union (18/09/2019).
Hannum. Hurst, Legal Aspects of Self-Determination, Encyclopedia Princetoniensis, https://pesd.princeton.edu/?q=node/25 (01/08/2019)
Kafkadesk, Why did Czechoslovakia break up?, 30 oct 2018, https://kafkadesk.org/2018/10/30/why-did-czechoslovakia-break-up/
Lewis. Thomas, Transatlantic slave trade: slavery, https://www.britannica.com/topic/transatlantic-slave-trade. (01/08/2019).
Malaysia: Federal Constitution [], 31 August 1957, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b5e40.html [accessed 13 September 2019].
Pin Lean Lau, “Affirmative Action in Malaysia: Constitutional Conflict with the ICERD?” 27 Nov 2018, tersedia di https://verfassungsblog.de/affirmative-action-in-malaysia-constitutional-conflict-with-the-icerd/ (10/09/2019).
Renan, Ernest., “What is a Nation? text of a conference delivered at the Sorbonne on March 11th, 1882, in Ernest Renan, Qu’est-ce qu’une nation?, Paris, Presses-Pocket, 1992. (translated by Ethan Rundell), tersedia di http://ucparis.fr/files/9313/6549/9943/What_is_a_Nation.pdf. (12/09/2019).
Sabhrina. Fadhila, A Brief History of the VOC in Indonesia, 16 april 2018 http://www.globalindonesianvoices.com/32483/a-brief-history-of-the-voc-in-indonesia/ (01/08/2019).
Wolfrum. Rüdiger, The Protection of Indigenous Peoples in International Law, https://www.zaoerv.de/59_1999/59_1999_2_a_369_382.pdf. (01/08/2019
Woolf. Linda M., Survival and Resistance: The Netherlands Under Nazi Occupation, tersedia di http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/netherlands.html. (18/09/2019).
Websites/Laman
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1776-1783/declaration (01/08/2019).
https://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h640.html (01/08/2019)
http://endgenocide.org/learn/past-genocides/native-americans/ (01/08/2019)
http://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Malaysia/sub5_4c/entry-3672.html. (1/2/2018)
www.agc.gov.my/agcportal/uploads/files/.../Federal%20Consti%20(BI%20text).pdf. (1/12/2018).
http://www.commonwealthofnations.org/sectors-malaysia/government/ (1/22/2018).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
