Microclimate-Based Assessment of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in The Provincial Police Headquarters Park Using Andrew Marsh’s Sun Path Tool

Karin Ginting; Dimitri Indah Puspita Sari; Dhita Wahyu Anggraeni

doi:10.24002/jarina.v5i2.15101

Authors

Karin Ginting Architecture, Musi Charitas Catholic University, Palembang, Indonesia
Dimitri Indah Puspita Sari Architecture, Musi Charitas Catholic University, Palembang, Indonesia
Dhita Wahyu Anggraeni Architecture, Musi Charitas Catholic University, Palembang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24002/jarina.v5i2.15101

Keywords:

Andrew Marsh Sun Path Tool, Outdoor Thermal Comfort, Microclimate Assessment, Temperature Humidity Index, Urban Green Space

Abstract

Urban parks play an important role in enhancing environmental quality and supporting public activities. Yet, studies integrating field-based microclimate measurements with solar path simulation to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort in tropical urban parks remain limited. This study analyses the microclimatic characteristics of Polda Park and their implications for outdoor thermal comfort. The novelty of this study lies in integrating field-based measurements with Andrew Marsh’s Sun Path Tool to assess solar exposure and shading patterns for climate-responsive landscape design. Andrew Marsh’s Sun Path Tool was selected to simulate solar paths and shading patterns for climate-responsive landscape assessment. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using field measurements of air temperature and relative humidity across three observation zones: the jogging track, retention pond, and playground. Outdoor thermal comfort was evaluated using the Temperature Humidity Index (THI), while the Sun Path Tool was used to simulate solar exposure and shading patterns. The results showed that most areas were classified as partially uncomfortable during the morning and afternoon (THI = 25.5-28.9), whereas all observation zones were uncomfortable at midday (THI =29.00-30.3) due to intense solar radiation and limited shading. The integration of field measurements with solar path simulation provides a reliable basis for climate-responsive landscape design. It supports evidence-based planning to improve outdoor thermal comfort in tropical urban parks. The proposed approach demonstrates how computational environmental simulation can support data-informed landscape decision-making within the context of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture.

References

[1] I. M. Harjanti and A. Zayyansari, "Identifikasi Fungsi dan Kriteria Estetika Taman Kota Pasif di Kota Semarang," Jurnal Riptek, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2024, https://doi.org/10.35475/riptek.v18i1.256

[2] Azwinur, "Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal dan Kualitas Estetika pada Beberapa Taman Kota Banda Aceh.," Institut Pertanian Bogor, pp. 1-81, 2016.

[3] Z. Zhang, J. Dong, Q. He, and B. Ye, "The temporal variation of the microclimate and human thermal comfort in urban wetland parks: A case study of Xixi national wetland park, China," Forests, vol. 12, no. 10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/f12101322

[4] Y. Liu, J. Fan, S. Xie, and X. Chen, "Study on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Thermal Comfort and Its Influencing Factors in Urban Parks," Atmosphere, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1-15, 2024, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020183

[5] A. N. Edar and A. Wahyuni, "Pengaruh Suhu dan Kelembaban Terhadap Rasio Kelembaban dan Entalpi (Studi Kasus: Gedung UNIFA Makassar)," LOSARI : Jurnal Arsitektur Kota dan Pemukiman, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 102-114, 2021, https://doi.org/10.33096/losari.v6i2.311

[6] D. P. Jonathan1, A. B. , Rudi Hilmanto2 , Indra Gumay Febryano3, and 1, "Tingkat Kenyamanan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Universitas Lampung," vol. 3, no. November, pp. 21-31, 2023. https://doi.org/10.23960/jopfe.v3i2.7750

[7] D. W. Anggraeni, "Tingkat Kenyamanan Termal pada Taman Kambang Iwak Palembang," Jurnal Arsitektur Komposisi, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 114-120, 2020.

[8] R. Damayanti, R. Safe'i, A. Setiawan, and S. B. Yuwono, "Analisis Tingkat Kenyamanan Berdasarkan Temperature Humidity Index (Thi) Di Hutan Kota Terminal 16C, Hutan Kota Tesarigaga Dan Hutan Kota Islamic Center Kota Metro Lampung," Jurnal Hutan Tropis, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 364, 2023, https://doi.org/10.20527/jht.v11i3.17631

[9] A. Varşak, Nurcan, E. Altay, and Elvan, "Thermal Comfort and Green Spaces: The Role of Temperature-Regulating Elements in Neighborhood Parks," Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 16, no. 22, pp. 1-19, 2024, https://doi.org/10.3390/su16229801

[10] I. R. Hegazy and E. M. Qurnfulah, "Thermal comfort of urban spaces using simulation tools exploring street orientation influence of on the outdoor thermal comfort: A case study of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 594-606, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctaa028

[11] M. H. Elnabawi and N. Hamza, "Outdoor thermal comfort: Coupling microclimatic parameters with subjective thermal assessment to design urban performative spaces," Buildings, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 1-26, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10120238

[12] D. H. Nadhifa, T. Budiarti, R. Damayanti, and T. Manningtyas, "Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal, Estetika Dan PersepsiPengunjung Taman Kota Di Depok," Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-13, 2023. https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.v16i1.42735

[13] I. I. Tika, "Variasi Suhu dan Kelembaban Udara di Taman Suropati dan Sekitarnya.," Skripsi Sarjana, vol. https://li, no. Program Studi FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia, 2010.

[14] K. K.-L. Lau, Z. Tan, T. E. Morakinyo, and C. Ren, Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Environment. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5245-5

[15] A. Furqoni, "Redesain Alun-alun Kota Pati Berdasarkan Performa Kenyamanan Termal," Jurnal Arsitektur dan Perencanaan (JUARA), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 25-40, 2022, https://doi.org/10.31101/juara.v5i2.2348

[16] L. S. Mahabella, O. Rapija, and G. Waibo, "Analisis Nilai Indeks Suhu dan Kelembaban Ruang Terbuka Taman Rekreasi Sengkaling Analysis of Thermal and Humidity Index Analysis in Open Space of Sengkaling Recreation Park andalan bagi wilayah - wilayah berpotensi , pendapatan devisa . Kota Malang diken," Media Teknik Sipil, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 75-82, 2020.

[17] D. A. Sekar Pertiwi, "Analisis Tingkat Kenyamanan Termis Di Wilayah Kota Tangerang Berdasarkan Thi (Temperature Humidity Index)," Jurnal Widya Climago, vol. 3, no. 2, 2021, Accessed: Aug. 03, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://ejournal-pusdiklat.bmkg.go.id/index.php/climago/article/view/47.