Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Selulolitik dari Hutan Mangrove Bengkalis, Riau: Potensi Sebagai Agen Biofertilizer

Authors

  • Aisah Program Studi Biologi, Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Riau
  • Delita Zul Program Studi Biologi, Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Riau

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v11i1.11824

Keywords:

Bakteri selulolitik, biofertilizer, mangrove, rizosfer, sedimen

Abstract

Hutan mangrove merupakan ekosistem pesisir yang kaya akan bahan organik dan mendukung pertumbuhan mikroorganisme penghasil enzim selulase. Salah satu kelompok mikroorganisme penting di lingkungan ini adalah bakteri selulolitik yang mampu mendegradasi selulosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk isolasi dan karakterisasi bakteri selulolitik dari sedimen dan rizosfer tanaman alami mangrove di Desa Kelapapati, Kabupaten Bengkalis, Riau. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pengambilan sampel sedimen dan rizosfer, isolasi bakteri menggunakan medium Cellulose Congo Red Agar (CCRA), uji aktivitas selulolitik berdasarkan zona bening yang terbentuk di sekeliling koloni, dan karakterisasi makroskopis dan mikroskopis terhadap isolat yang menunjukkan aktivitas selulolitik. Sebanyak 36 isolat berhasil diisolasi, terdiri atas 21 isolat asal rizosfer dan 15 isolat asal sedimen. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 20 isolat konfirmasi membentuk zona bening dengan indeks selulolitik pada kategori tinggi sebanyak 13 isolat, kategori sedang sebanyak empat isolat, dan kategori rendah sebanyak tiga isolat. Isolat MAT 1.1 menunjukkan indeks selulolitik tertinggi mencapai 10,8±0,6 dan potensial sebagai agen biofertilizer. Sebagian besar isolat tergolong bakteri Gram negatif berbentuk bacil dan streptobacil. Lingkungan mangrove dengan pH 6, suhu rata-rata 30°C, dan salinitas 12,67 dS/m mendukung pertumbuhan bakteri selulolitik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hutan mangrove Desa Kelapapati, Bengkalis, Riau merupakan sumber potensial bakteri selulolitik yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai agen biofertilizer.

References

Ahmed, S., Kumar, S., Friess, D. A., Jacobs, M., Islam, A., Alam, A., Jamil, M., Hossain, N., Dey, T., Sullibie, C., Naabeh, S., & Pretzsch, H. (2022). Salinity reduces site quality and mangrove forest functions. From monitoring to understanding. Science of the Total Environment, 853, 158662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158662

Akram, H., Hussain, S., Mazumdar, P., Chua, K. O., Butt, T. E., & Harikrishna, J. A. (2023). Mangrove health: A review of functions, threats, and challenges associated with mangrove management practices. Forests, 14(9), 1698. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14091698

Alamsjah, F., Aswan, D. R., & Agustien, A. (2024). pH and temperature optimization of several bacterial isolates from mangrove waters in the Mandeh area to produce cellulase enzyme. Online Journal of Biological Sciences, 24(3), 367–373. https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.367.373

Ananda, D., Rasyidah, R., & Mayasari, U. (2023). Isolasi dan karakterisasi bakteri selulolitik dari lumpur mangrove Pantai Pandaratan Kecamatan Sarudik Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 25(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.14710/bioma.25.1.20-27

Ariyanto, D., & Pringgenies, D. (2024). Natural mangrove associated gastropods at Bengkalis Island, Riau Province, Indonesia: Preliminary survey. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1356(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1356/1/012045

Aswan, D. R., Alamsjah, F., & Agustien, A. (2024). Isolation and screening of cellulolytic bacteria from mangrove waters in Mandeh, West Sumatera Province, Indonesia. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 45(2), 163–170. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v45.2.6295

Balla, A., Silini, A., Cherif-silini, H., Bouket, A. C., Boudechicha, A., Luptakova, L., Alenezi, F. N., & Belbahri, L. (2022). Screening of cellulolytic bacteria from various ecosystems and their cellulases production under multi-stress conditions. Catalysts, 12(7), 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12070769

Bamrungpanichtavorn, T., Ungwiwatkul, S., & Boontanom, P. (2023). Diversity and cellulolytic activity of cellulase-producing bacteria isolated from the soils of two mangrove forests in Eastern Thailand. Biodiversitas of Biological Diversity, 24(7), 3891–3902. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240728

Batubara, U. M., Suparjo, S., Maritsa, H. U., Pujianto, E., & Herlina, M. (2022). Screening and determination of potential cellulolytic bacteria from mangrove ecosystem. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan, 27(2), 264–271. https://doi.org/10.31258/

Boro, T. L., Karyawati, A. T., Ruma, M. T. L., Mauboy, R. S., & Tari, T. A. (2024). Isolasi dan karakterisasi bakteri selulolitik tanah di ekosistem mangrove di Desa Noelbaki Kecamatan Kupang Kabupaten Kupang Tengah. Jurnal Biotropikal Sains, 21(2), 84–92.

Choi, Y. W., Hodgkiss, I. J., & Hyde, K. D. (2005). Enzyme production by endophytes of Brucea javanica. Journal Agricultural Technology, 1, 55–66.

Chrisnawati, S. D., Sabdaningsih, A., Jati, O. E., & Ayuningrum, D. (2023). Isolasi dan identifikasi molekuler bakteri rhizosfer dari sedimen mangrove jenis Rhizopora sp. di ekosistem mangrove Tapak, Semarang. Jurnal Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 16(2), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v16i2.15952

Dewiyanti, I., Darmawi, D., Muchlisin, Z. A., Helmi, T. Z., & Arisa, I. I. (2023). The influence of cellulolytic bacteria on soil properties in mangrove ecosystems of Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar, Indonesia. International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics, 18(3), 613–622. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.180313

Dittmann, S., Mosley, L., Stangoulis, J., & Nguyen, V. L. (2022). Effects of extreme salinity stress on a temperate mangrove ecosystem. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 5, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.859283

Febriana, D. dan D. S. (2024). Pengaruh keragaman jenis organisme terhadap kesuburan tanah. Agrosience, 14(1), 5–24. https://doi.org/10.35194/agsci.v14i1.4055

Gatpatan, I. G. T., Cabulong, R. B., & Sadaba, R. B. (2024). Diversity and screening of cellulolytic microorganisms from mangrove forests, natural parks, paddy field, and sugarcane plantation in Panay Island, Philippines. International Journal of Microbiology, 1, 5573158. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5573158

Ghose, M., Parab, A. S., Manohar, C. S., Mohanan, D., & Toraskar, A. (2024). Unraveling the role of bacterial communities in mangrove habitats under the urban influence, using a next-generation sequencing approach. Journal of Sea Research, 198, 102469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2024.102469

Hendricks, C. W., Doyle, J. D., & Hugley, B. (1995). A new solid medium for enumerating cellulose-utilizing bacteria in soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61(5), 2016–2019. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.5.2016-2019.1995

Kafle, K., Shin, H., Lee, C. M., Park, S., & Kim, S. H. (2015). Progressive structural changes of avicel, bleached softwood, and bacterial cellulose during enzymatic hydrolysis. Scientific Reports, 5(1), 15102.

Kurniawan, A., Febrianti, D., Sari, S. P., Prihanto, A. A., Asriani, E., Kurniawan, A., & Sambah, A. B. (2018). Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri pendegradasi selulosa asal ekosistem mangrove Tukak Sadai, Bangka Selatan. Jurnal Perikanan Pantura (JPP), 3(2), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.30587/jpp.v1i2.461

Kushwaha VK, Sharma M, Kanade P, Rana T, & Yadav LS. (2023). Endophytic fungi from mangrove plant Avicennia marina and their enzyme cellulase activity. The International Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Learning, 30(2), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-7971/CGP/v30i02

Lee, C. Y., & Lee, S. Y. (2024). Contribution of aerobic cellulolytic gut bacteria to cellulose digestion in fifteen coastal grapsoid crabs underpins potential for mineralization of mangrove production. Current Microbiology, 81(8), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-024-03718-5?urlappend=%3Futm_source%3Dresearchgate.net%26utm_medium%3Darticle

Ma, W., Tang, S., Dengzeng, Z., Zhang, D., Zhang, T., & Ma, X. (2022). Root exudates contribute to belowground ecosystem hotspots: A review. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 937940. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.937940

Manguntungi, B., Asmawati, R. A. A. M. A. A., & Tegar Aprilian1, K. E. P. (2018). Endonesia (Endophyte for Indonesia): Biofertilizer berbasis mikroba endofit guna meningkatkan kualitas pembibitan budidaya kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) di Indonesia. Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati, 3(1), 44–52. https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v3i1.1892

Naresh, S., Kunasundari, B., Gunny, A. A. N., Teoh, Y. P., Shuit, S. H., Ng, Q. H., & Hoo, P. Y. (2019). Isolation and partial characterisation of thermophilic cellulolytic bacteria from North Malaysian tropical mangrove soil. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 30(1), 123–147. https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2019.30.1.8

Nursyirwani, N., Feliatra, F., Tanjung, A., & Harjuni, F. (2020). Isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from mangrove sediment in Dumai Marine Station Riau and the antibacterial activity against pathogens. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 430(1), 012012. 10.1088/1755-1315/430/1/012012

Sui, J., He, X., Yi, G., Zhou, L., Liu, S., Chen, Q., Xiao, X., & Wu, J. (2023). Diversity and structure of the root-associated bacterial microbiomes of four mangrove tree species, revealed by high-throughput sequencing. PeerJ, 11, 1–25. 10.7717/peerj.16156

Utami, S., Winarni, I., Kurniawati, H., Pratomo, H., & Indonesia, S. S. (2025). Diversity of cellulolytic bacteria from mangroves in Blanakan, West Java, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 18(1), 126–137. https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2019.30.1.8

Zhao, G., Zhu, X., Zheng, G., Meng, G., Dong, Z., Baek, J. H., Jeon, C. O., Yao, Y., Xuan, Y. H., Zhang, J., & Jia, B. (2024). Development of biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture over four decades (1980–2022). Geography and Sustainability, 5(1), 19–28. 10.1016/j.geosus.2023.09.006

Zhuang, W., Yu, X., Hu, R., Luo, Z., Liu, X., Zheng, X., Xiao, F., Peng, Y., & He, Q. (2020). Diversity, function and assembly of mangrove root-associated microbial communities at a continuous fine-scale. npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, 52, 1–10. 10.1038/s41522-020-00164-6

Zulkifli, L., Sakaroni, R., Ayu, D., Rasmi, C., & Wirajagat, G. C. (2025). Endophytic bacteria of mangrove roots from the West Coast of Lombok Island with phosphate-solubilizing and IAA-producing abilities as biofertilizer candidates. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 25(4b), 607618. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.11175

Downloads

Published

27-02-2026

How to Cite

Aisah, & Zul, D. (2026). Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Selulolitik dari Hutan Mangrove Bengkalis, Riau: Potensi Sebagai Agen Biofertilizer. Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati, 11(1), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v11i1.11824

Issue

Vol 11, No 1 (2026): February 2026

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Aisah, Delita Zul

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati right of first publication. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati, and as long as Author is not used for commercial purposes.