Isolasi dan Evaluasi Aktivitas Antifungi Jamur Endofit Tanaman Pisang Kepok Terhadap Fusarium oxysporum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v11i3.12246Keywords:
Agen hayati, Jamur endofit, Pisang Kepok, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Senyawa volatilAbstract
Pisang (Musa spp.) merupakan komoditas hortikultura penting yang produktivitasnya dapat terganggu oleh penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Jamur endofit berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agens hayati karena dapat berinteraksi secara antagonistik dengan patogen, antara lain melalui kompetisi dan produksi senyawa volatil. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan mengevaluasi aktivitas antifungi jamur endofit dari pisang Kepok (Musa × paradisiaca L.) terhadap Foc. Jamur endofit diisolasi dari akar, batang, dan daun tanaman sehat, kemudian dikarakterisasi berdasarkan ciri makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Aktivitas antagonistik dievaluasi menggunakan metode kultur ganda, sedangkan aktivitas penghambatan oleh senyawa volatil diuji menggunakan metode cawan petri bertangkup. Sebanyak enam isolat diperoleh dan berdasarkan karakteristik morfologinya diduga termasuk dalam genus Fusarium, Trichoderma, Mortierella, Trichothecium, Rhizoctonia, dan Pythium. Pada uji kultur ganda, isolat B1 yang diduga sebagai Trichoderma menunjukkan dominasi pertumbuhan terhadap Foc yang mengindikasikan kompetisi ruang dan nutrisi. Pada uji senyawa volatil, B1 menghasilkan persentase penghambatan tertinggi sebesar 30,74 ± 1,74%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat B1 memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai kandidat agens hayati terhadap Foc, meskipun identifikasi molekuler dan pengujian lanjutan masih diperlukan.
References
Ahmad, M. F., Ahmad, F. A., Alsayegh, A. A., Zeyaullah, Md., AlShahrani, A. M., Muzammil, K., Saati, A. A., Wahab, S., Elbendary, E. Y., Kambal, N., Abdelrahman, M. H., & Hussain, S. (2024). Pesticides impacts on human health and the environment with their mechanisms of action and possible countermeasures. Heliyon, 10(7), e29128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29128
Ahmed, A. M., Mahmoud, B. K., Millán-Aguiñaga, N., Abdelmohsen, U. R., & Fouad, M. A. (2023). The endophytic Fusarium strains: a treasure trove of natural products. RSC Advances, 13(2), 1339–1369. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA04126J
Aji, O. R., & Rofiyanti, D. (2024). Antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi from Maize plants ( Zea mays L.) against Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. BIO Web of Conferences, 148, 01004. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202414801004
Aji, O. R., Sari, A. K., & Putri, D. A. (2022). Isolasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antagonisme Jamur Endofit Tanaman Pisang (Musa paradisiaca L.) terhadap Fusarium oxysporum. Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 10(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v10i1.4718
Alfizar, & Fajrina, N. (2016). Jamur Endofit Asal Pisang (Musa paradisiaca L.) Sebagai Agens Antagonis Untuk Mengendalikan Fusarium oxysporum Secara in vitro. Jurnal Agrista, 1(20). https://doi.org/10.17969/agrista.v20i1.11936
Ali, Md. A., Ahmed, T., Ibrahim, E., Rizwan, M., Chong, K. P., & Yong, J. W. H. (2024). A review on mechanisms and prospects of endophytic bacteria in biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi and their plant growth-promoting activities. Heliyon, 10(11), e31573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31573
Chen, J., Zhou, L., Din, I. U., Arafat, Y., Li, Q., Wang, J., Wu, T., Wu, L., Wu, H., Qin, X., Pokhrel, G. R., Lin, S., & Lin, W. (2021). Antagonistic Activity of Trichoderma spp. Against Fusarium oxysporum in Rhizosphere of Radix pseudostellariae Triggers the Expression of Host Defense Genes and Improves Its Growth Under Long-Term Monoculture System. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.579920
Dita, M., Barquero, M., Heck, D., Mizubuti, E. S. G., & Staver, C. P. (2018). Fusarium Wilt of Banana: Current Knowledge on Epidemiology and Research Needs Toward Sustainable Disease Management. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01468
Gualtieri, L., Monti, M. M., Mele, F., Russo, A., Pedata, P. A., & Ruocco, M. (2022). Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Profiles of Different Trichoderma Species and Their Potential Application. Journal of Fungi, 8(10), 989. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8100989
Hutabalian, M., Pinem, M. I., & Oemry, S. (2015). Uji Antagonisme Beberapa Jamur Saprofit dan Endofit dari Tanaman Pisang terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubens di Laboratorium. Jurnal Online Agroekoteaknologi, 2(3), 687–695.
Jiménez-Bremont, J. F., González-Pérez, E., Ortega-Amaro, M. A., Madrigal-Ortiz, S., Duque-Ortiz, A., & Mendoza-Mendoza, A. (2024). Volatile organic compounds emitted by Trichoderma: Small molecules with biotechnological potential. Scientia Horticulturae, 325, 112656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2023.112656
Kurniati, D., Aurelia, R., & Hutajulu, J. P. (2022). Daya Saing Ekspor Pisang Indonesia di Negara Tujuan Ekspor Periode 2000-2019. Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia, 10(2), 335–349. https://doi.org/10.29244/jai.2022.10.2.335-349
Li, C., Xiang, D., Yang, S., Wang, X., & Li, C. (2024). Fusarium Wilt of Banana Latency and Onset Detection Based on Visible/Near Infrared Spectral Technology. Agronomy, 14(12), 2994. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14122994
Li, N., Alfiky, A., Wang, W., Islam, M., Nourollahi, K., Liu, X., & Kang, S. (2018). Volatile Compound-Mediated Recognition and Inhibition Between Trichoderma Biocontrol Agents and Fusarium oxysporum. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02614
Li, N., Kim, K.-T., Schlagnhaufer, C., & Kang, S. (2024). Multifaceted effects of volatile organic compounds released by Fusarium oxysporum on Trichoderma biocontrol agents. Biological Control, 191, 105473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105473
Manathunga, K. K., Gunasekara, N. W., Meegahakumbura, M. K., Ratnaweera, P. B., Faraj, T. Kh., & Wanasinghe, D. N. (2024). Exploring Endophytic Fungi as Natural Antagonists against Fungal Pathogens of Food Crops. Journal of Fungi, 10(9), 606. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090606
Maryani, N., Yulianti, S., Ramadhani, I., Khastini, R. O., & Leksono, S. M. (2023). Diversity of Fusarium Endophytes Isolated from Wild Bananas in Pandenglang, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 8(1), 76897. https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.76897
Mathivanan, N., Prabavathy, V. R., & Vijayanandraj, V. R. (2008). The Effect of Fungal Secondary Metabolites on Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens (pp. 129–140). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74543-3_7
Natsiopoulos, D., Topalidou, E., Mantzoukas, S., & Eliopoulos, P. A. (2024). Endophytic Trichoderma: Potential and Prospects for Plant Health Management. Pathogens, 13(7), 548. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13070548
Ozimek, E., & Hanaka, A. (2021). Mortierella species as the plant growth-promoting fungi present in the agricultural soils. In Agriculture (Switzerland) (Vol. 11, Number 1, pp. 1–18). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010007
Pegg, K. G., Coates, L. M., O’Neill, W. T., & Turner, D. W. (2019). The Epidemiology of Fusarium Wilt of Banana. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01395
Puspitarini, S., & Aji, O. R. (2023). Antagonistic Activities of Endophytic Fungi from Chili Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) Stems and Leaves against Colletotrichum sp. Journal of Biotechnology and Natural Science, 3(2), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.12928/jbns.v3i2.9736
Rao, Y., Zeng, L., Jiang, H., Mei, L., & Wang, Y. (2022). Trichoderma atroviride LZ42 releases volatile organic compounds promoting plant growth and suppressing Fusarium wilt disease in tomato seedlings. BMC Microbiology, 22(1), 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-022-02511-3
Suciatmih, Antonius, S., Hidayat, I., & Sulistiyani, T. (2014). Isolasi, Identifikasi dan Evaluasi Antagonisme Terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) Secara In Vitro dari Jamur Endofit Tanaman Pisang. Berita Biologi, 1(13), 71–83.
Toghueo, R. M. K. (2020). Bioprospecting endophytic fungi from Fusarium genus as sources of bioactive metabolites. Mycology, 11(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2019.1645053
Varma, V., & Bebber, D. P. (2019). Climate change impacts on banana yields around the world. Nature Climate Change, 9(10), 752–757. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0559-9
Waahidaturrahmah, S., Apriani, R. R., & Sari, N. (2024). Daya Antagonisme Agensia Hayati terhadap Patogen Blendok pada Jeruk Pamelo secara In Vitro. Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati, 276–289. https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v9i3.8559
Wang, Y., Wang, L., Suo, M., Qiu, Z., Wu, H., Zhao, M., & Yang, H. (2022). Regulating Root Fungal Community Using Mortierella alpina for Fusarium oxysporum Resistance in Panax ginseng. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.850917
Watanabe, T. (2010). Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi (3rd ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/EBK1439804193
Wen, J., Okyere, S. K., Wang, S., Wang, J., Xie, L., Ran, Y., & Hu, Y. (2022). Endophytic Fungi: An Effective Alternative Source of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds for Pharmacological Studies. Journal of Fungi, 8(2), 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020205
Yang, H. X., Ai, H. L., Feng, T., Wang, W. X., Wu, B., Zheng, Y. S., Sun, H., He, J., Li, Z. H., & Liu, J. K. (2018). Trichothecrotocins A-C, Antiphytopathogenic Agents from Potato Endophytic Fungus Trichothecium crotocinigenum. Organic Letters, 20(24), 8069–8072. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03735
Yu, J., Wu, Y., He, Z., Li, M., Zhu, K., & Gao, B. (2018). Diversity and Antifungal Activity of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Camellia oleifera. Mycobiology, 46(2), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2018.1454008
Zakaria, L., Sakinah, I., & Anuar, M. (2016). Molecular Characterisation of Endophytic Fungi from Roots of Wild Banana (Musa acuminata). In Tropical Life Sciences Research (Vol. 27, Number 1).
Zeng, H., Wu, Y., Xu, L., Dong, J., & Huang, B. (2024). Banana defense response against pathogens: breeding disease-resistant cultivars. Horticultural Plant Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.004
Zhang, K., Bonito, G., Hsu, C. M., Hameed, K., Vilgalys, R., & Liao, H. L. (2020). Mortierella elongata increases plant biomass among non-leguminous crop species. Agronomy, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050754
Zhang, X. M., Li, G. H., Ma, J., Zeng, Y., Ma, W. G., & Zhao, P. J. (2010). Endophytic fungus Trichothecium roseum LZ93 antagonizing pathogenic fungi in vitro and its secondary metabolites. Journal of Microbiology, 48(6), 784–790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0173-z
Zhao, X., Hou, D., Xu, J., Wang, K., & Hu, Z. (2022). Antagonistic Activity of Fungal Strains against Fusarium Crown Rot. Plants, 11(3), 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030255
Zin, N. A., & Badaluddin, N. A. (2020). Biological functions of Trichoderma spp. for agriculture applications. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 65(2), 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2020.09.003
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Oktira Roka Aji, Aninda Kumala Sari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati right of first publication. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
