Identifikasi Bakteri yang Berperan dalam Pengasaman Kedelai dalam Fermentasi Tempe Berdasarkan Sekuen 16S rDNA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v6i2.4029Keywords:
pH, Tempe, Perendaman, Fermentasi, Kedelai, Bakteri, IdentifikasiAbstract
Proses fermentasi dalam pembuatan tempe di Indonesia terdiri atas dua tahap. Tahap pertama berupa perendaman kedelai untuk pengasaman kedelai yang penting bagi pertumbuhan kapang. Dalam tahapan ini jenis mikroba yang berperan adalah kelompok bakteri. Namun informasi tentang jenis bakteri tersebut masih terbatas. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis jenis bakteri yang berperan dalam proses pengasaman kedelai saat fermentasi tempe. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan dari tempe yang diambil langsung dari pengrajin tempe di Jakarta. Bakteri ditumbuhkan pada media Plate Count Agar, de Man Rogosa and Sharpe Agar, MacConkey Agar dan Eosin Methylene Blue Agar. Selanjutnya diuji perannya dalam pengasaman kedelai dengan pengukuran pH air rendaman kedelai dan selanjutnya bakteri tersebut diidentifikasi. Ditemukan isolat P211, P3a, Mc4b, B1p, dan Man2b berperan dalam pengasaman dengan menurunkan pH air rendaman kedelai dari 7 menjadi sekitar 4,7 hingga 5,8. Identifikasi berdasarkan sekuen 16S rDNA lima bakteri tersebut masing masing adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter ludwigii, Enterobacter sp., Lactobacillus agilis, dan Pantoea sp. dengan kemiripan 98-100%. Selanjutnya, perlu diteliti tentang perannya dalam menentukan kualitas tempe.
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