Pengaruh Hormon terhadap Induksi Embrio Somatik Kacapiring (Gardenia jasminoides) dan Potensi Aplikasinya dalam Pembuatan Benih Sintetik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v6i3.4093Keywords:
pengaruh hormon, embrio somatik, Gardenia jasminoides, benih sintetik, enkapsulasiAbstract
Kacapiring (Gardenia jasminoides) merupakan tanaman hias yang memiliki banyak kegunaan, sebagai penghasil bunga potong, bahan makanan, bahan tekstil, bahan baku kosmetik, dan mengandung senyawa terapeutik. Tingginya permintaan kacapiring perlu diseimbangkan dengan hasil budidayanya. Perbanyakan konvensional kacapiring memiliki kelemahan seperti daur hidup yang lama, genotip dapat berbeda dari induk, dan dapat membawa penyakit dari induk. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan teknik perbanyakan kacapiring yang lebih efisien, salah satunya adalah dengan membuat benih sintetik. Benih sintetik dapat dihasilkan dengan cara melakukan enkapsulasi embrio somatik. Embrio somatik adalah kumpulan sel embrionik yang terbentuk dari sel soma yang memiliki kemampuan untuk beregenerasi menjadi tanaman baru yang utuh. Hormon merupakan bahan organik yang terdapat secara alami pada tumbuhan atau sintetik. Hormon berpengaruh dalam diferensiasi dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Embriogenesis somatik dapat dilakukan menggunakan hormon auksin dan sitokinin, karena auksin dapat menginduksi kalus embriogenik dan sitokinin dapat menginisiasi terjadinya proses embriogenik pada kalus. Benih sintetik adalah embrio somatik tunggal yang diselubungi oleh matrik, sehingga dapat disimpan dengan durasi waktu tertentu dan dapat tumbuh menjadi tanaman yang utuh dalam keadaan in vitro maupun exvitro.
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