Analisis Bioinformatika NADH2 sebagai Penanda Seleksi Adaptif Pesut Perairan Tawar dan Pesisir
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v8i1.5631Keywords:
adaptasi, NADH2, perairan tawar, pesisir, pesutAbstract
Pesut merupakan mamalia perairan bersifat fakultatif yang dapat ditemui di wilayah Asia Tenggara. Populasi pesut, terutama pada perairan tawar menghadapi berbagai tekanan untuk dapat bertahan hidup sehingga digolongkan sebagai Critically Endangered pada daftar merah IUCN. Pemahaman mengenai sejarah evolusi dan aspek apa yang memfasilitasi adaptasi pesut pada perairan tawar belum banyak diketahui. Adaptasi penuh terhadap perairan tawar pada beberapa spesies lumba-lumba menunjukan adanya seleksi positif pada gen NADH subunit 2 (NADH2) di DNA mitokondria yang diperkirakan berkaitan dengan mekanisme translokasi jalur proton untuk efisiensi energi yang diperlukan dalam kolonisasi perairan tawar. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah gen NADH subunit 2 (NADH2) pada DNA mitokondria memfasilitasi kolonisasi pesut pada perairan tawar seperti dijumpai pada Cetacea perairan tawar lain. Melalui pendekatan bioinformatika sederhana, hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan tidak adanya subtitusi basa yang merubah susunan asam amino Threonin menjadi Alanin pada urutan asam amino ke 297 gen NADH2 pada populasi pesut yang mendiami perairan tawar dan pesisir. Hal ini menunjukan tidak adanya seleksi adaptif pada gen NADH2 yang diperkirakan terjadi akibat kolonisasi perairan tawar yang relatif baru, sehingga perubahan asam amino belum teramati pada populasi pesut.
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