Paparan Pestisida Menginduksi Senesen Dini pada Mesenchymal Stem Cell In Vitro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v9i1.6340Keywords:
in vitro, MSCs, pestisida, sel punca, senesenAbstract
Pestisida merupakan senyawa kimia yang banyak digunakan sebagai pengendali hama pada aktivitas pertanian. Residu penggunaan pestisida ini dapat mengakibatkan polusi pada lingkungan perairan khususnya di sekitar lahan pertanian. Pestisida yang terakumulasi pada lingkungan perairan maupun hasil pertanian memberikan dampak buruk bagi manusia antara lain gangguan pada sistem organ, jaringan, perkembangan, dan pada tingkat sel mengarah ke senesen. Senesen merupakan suatu kondisi saat sel berhenti melakukan proliferasi. Sel yang mengalami senesen secara alami umumnya terjadi pada individu tua, sebagai respons terhadap pemendekan telomer. Senesen dini akibat paparan pestisida pada umumnya melibatkan mekanisme stres oksidatif, kerusakan DNA, dan disfungsi mitokondria. Senesen memicu penurunan fungsi organ yang mengakibatkan berbagai masalah kesehatan seperti kanker, osteoporosis, penyakit kardiovaskuler hingga demensia. Selain itu, senesen juga dapat menyebabkan berhentinya siklus sel punca antara lain pada mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Ulasan ini fokus membahas mekanisme senesen akibat paparan pestisida pada sel punca terutama MSCs. Metode yang digunakan yaitu koleksi data dan analisis dari jurnal terindeks Scopus dengan menggunakan VOSviewer. Berdasarkan hasil ulasan diketahui bahwa pestisida menginduksi senesen pada MSCs melalui jaras peningkatan konsentrasi ROS dalam sel dan penurunan aktivitas ALDH. Hal tersebut menyebabkan aktivasi p53, dan p21, yang kemudian akan menyebabkan hambatan pada CDK2 dan pRB, berakibat pada inaktivasi E2F serta induksi senesen. Senesen juga akan memberikan respons patofisiologis lain hingga efek tumorigenesis.
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