Klasifikasi Accipitriformes dan Falconiformes Berdasarkan Penanda DNA Parsial Cytochrome Oxidase 1 (CO1) secara In Silico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v8i3.6761Keywords:
Accipitriformes, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, Falconiformes, filogenetik, ordoAbstract
Kategori burung pemangsa atau raptors dibagi ke dalam 3 ordo utama, yaitu Accipitriformes, Falconiformes, dan Strigiformes. Klasifikasi antara ordo Accipitriformes dan Falconiformes sering menjadi perdebatan karena spesies-spesiesnya memiliki kesamaan morfologi, namun berbeda saat memakan mangsa. Klasifikasi burung pemangsa yang telah ada memisahkan kedua ordo tersebut berdasarkan perilakunya saat menyergap dan membunuh mangsa. Maka, tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membuktikan pemisahan kedua ordo dengan pendekatan molekuler berupa data DNA. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder sekuens penanda genetik DNA parsial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) dari 15 spesies masing-masing ordo dan 1 spesies Strigiformes sebagai outgroup. Data diolah dengan menggunakan software Clustal-X dan PAUP. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa semua spesies memiliki tingkat homologi yang tinggi berdasarkan sekuens DNA-nya. Rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik mengklasifikasi kedua ordo ke dalam kelompok monofiletik yang membentuk dua cluster berbeda. Penelitian ini telah membuktikan bahwa Accipitriformes dan Falconiformes tidak hanya berbeda berdasarkan perilaku makann saja, melainkan namun juga berdasarkan genetik dari kedua ordo. Meskipun begitu, studi lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan reliabilitas hubungan filogenetik kedua ordo dengan menambahkan jumlah sampel sekunder, jenis penanda genetik, dan data primer.
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