Budaya Demokrasi Masyarakat Sipil Manggarai di Media Sosial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/jik.v21i2.8229Keywords:
democratic culture, political participation, posttruth, social mediaAbstract
This article explains the democratic culture of civil society of Manggarai on social media based on a case study in the Facebook group Manggarai Bebas Berpendapat. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The result shows that political participation in the group is manifested in the form of information provision, discursive deliberation and contestation, and efforts to influence public policy. Discursive deliberation and contestation appear in the form of user-generated framing wars, symbolic discursive deliberation and contestation, and sentimentality. In general, the democratic culture of Manggarai civil society on social media is dominated by a posttruth democratic culture.
References
Ahmad, N., & Popa, I. (2014). The social media usage and the transormation of political marketing and campaigning of the emerging democracy in Indonesia – Case study of the 2012 gubernatorial election of the special region of the capital city Jakarta. In Bogdan Pătruţ & Monica Pătruţ (Eds.), Social Media in Politics: Case Studies on the Political Power of Social Media, p. 97-125. New York, USA: Springer.
Almond, G. A. & Verba, S. (1963). The civic culture: Political attitudes and democracy in five nations. New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press.
----------------. (1989). The civic culture – Political attitudes and democracy in five nations. Edisi ketiga. London, Inggris Raya: Sage Publications, Inc.
Annur, C. M. (2023, October 10). 15 media sosial terpopuler dunia juli 2023, facebook kokoh di puncak. Katadata.co.id. <https://databoks.katadata.co.id/-/statistik/b00bcc9065d9494/15-media-sosial-terpopuler-dunia-juli-2023-Facebook-kokoh-di-puncak>
Bessant, J. (2014). The political in the age of the digital: Propositions for empirical investigation. Politics, 34(1), 33-44.
Blatter, J. K. (2008). Case study. In Lisa M. Given (Ed.), The sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods (Vol. 1 & 2), p. 68-71. London, United Kingdom: Sage Publication Inc.
Budianta. (2021). Budaya demokrasi dalam komunitas digital. Dalam Nasir Tamara (Ed.), Demokrasi di era digital, p. 358-364. Jakarta, Indonesia: Yayasan Pustaka Obor.
Chambers, S. (2003). Deliberative democratic theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 6(1), 307–326.
----------------. (2021). Truth, deliberative democracy, and the virtues of accuracy – Is fake news destroying the public sphere? Political Studies, 69(1), 147-163.
Chambers, S. & Gastil, J. (2021). Deliberation, democracy, and the digital landscape. Political Studies, 69(1), 3-6.
Dahlberg, L. (2001). The internet and democratic discourse: Exploring the prospects of online deliberative forums extending the public sphere. Information, Communication, and Society, 4(4), 615–633.
----------------. (2011). Re-contructing digital democracy – An outlilne of four positions. New Media & Society, 13(6), 855-872.
Dalton, R & Welzel, C. (eds.). (2014). The civic culture transformed – From allegiant to assertive citizens. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press.
d’Ancona, M. (2017). Post truth: the new war on truth and how to fight back. London, United Kingdom: Ebury Press.
Duruz, S. (2022, September 1). Kemiri obat yang mujarab buat pucek beti leas mora beti tuka mora beti nombong mora agu beti apa iwon ge. Facebook.com. <https://www.facebook.com/share/p/uYETWcjDYAPH8UQU/?mibextid=xfxF2i>
Entman, R. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58.
Fakih, M. (1999). Masyarakat sipil. Wacana (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Transformatif), 1(1), 1-6.
Feenberg, A. (2002). Transforming tecnhology – A critical theory revisited. Oxford, New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
Forestal, J. (2021). Constructing digital democracies – Facebook, arendt, and the politics of design. Political Studies, 69(1), 26-44.
Fuchs, C. (2014). Social media: A critical introduction. London, Inggris: Sage Publications Ltd.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis. New York City, USA: Harper & Row.
Gunawan, B., & Ratmono, B. M. (2021). Demokrasi di era post-truth. Jakarta, Indonesia: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Habermas, J. (1987). The theory of communicative action (Vol. 2). Boston, USA: Beacon Press.
----------------. (1993). The structural transformation of the public sphere. Cambridge, Inggris: The MIT Press.
----------------. (1996). Between facts and norms: Contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy.. Cambridge, Inggris: MIT Press.
----------------. (1997). The public sphere. In Robert E Goodin dan Philip Pettit (eds.), Contemporary political philosophy – An antology, p. 105-124. Milton, Australia: Blackwell Publishing.
----------------. (2002). Three normatif models of democracy. In David Ingram (ed.), The political, p. 148-165. Malden, Australia: Blackwell Publisheres Inc.
---------------. (2007). Moral conciousness and communicative action. Cambridge, The United Kingdom: Polity Press.
Hardiman, F. B. (2009). Demokrasi deliberatif – Menimbang negara hukum dan ruang publik dalam teori diskursus jürgen habermas. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Penerbit Kanisius.
Hatta, M. (1970). Colonial society and the ideal of social democracy. Dalam Herbert Feith (ed.). Indonesian political thinking 1945-1965. Ithaca, USA: Cornell University Press.
Hooghe, M. (2015). Book review: The civic culture transformed – From allegiant to assertive citizens. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 56(2), 168-170.
Hosea. (2022, September 7). Sook paling keras pelajaran sd milligram mg sentigram cg desigram dg kilogram kg mohon dibantu guyss 50 kilo maksud apa?. Facebook. <https://www.facebook.com/share/p/qcpRXu8j68vSmFZp/?mibextid=xfxF2i>
Ireton, C. & Posetti, J. (eds.). (2018). Journalism, ‘fake news’, & disinformation. Paris: United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Inglehart, R. (1990). Cultural shift in advanced industrial society. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press.
---------------. (1997). Modernization and postmodernization – Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societes. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press.
Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2005). Modernization, cultural change, and democracy. New Nork, USA: Cambridge University Press.
Jb, M. & Darmawan, L. (2016). Wacana civil society (masyarakat madani) di indonesia. Sosiologi Reflekif, 10(2), 35-63.
Jehalut, F. (2020a). Paradoks demokrasi – Telaah analitis dan kritik atas pemikiran Chantal Mouffe. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Penerbit Gunung Sopai (PGS).
----------------. (2020b). Demokrasi agonistik dan spirit baru pasca-pilkada. Jurnal Administrasi Publik (JAP) Unwira, 3(2), 95-106.
----------------. (2023). Exploring the democratic culture of Indonesian citizens in the virtual universe. In Said M, et al. (eds.), Communication inclusivity – Enggaging society and digital, p. 317-356. Jakarta, Indonesia: Cosdev Universitas Pancasila
Kenaru, J. (2022a). Kepala BKN sebut THL di manggarai NTT ilegal dan bisa diusut BPK. Tvonenews.com. <https://www.tvonenews.com/daerah/bali/33187-kepala-bkn-sebut-thl-di-manggarai-ntt-ilegal-dan-bisa-diusut-bpk.>
----------------. (2022b). Bupati Manggarai dicecar DPRD soal angkat puluhan tim sukses dan anak wakil bupati jadi THL. <https://www.tvonenews.com/daerah/regional/29865-bupati-manggarai-dicecar-dprd-soal-angkat-puluhan-tim-sukses-dan-anak-wakil-bupati-jadi-thl.>
----------------. (2022c). 50 kg Kemiri jadi sandi suap proyek APBD ke istri bupati manggarai. Tvonenews.com. <https://www.tvonenews.com/daerah/regional/64416-50-kg-kemiri-jadi-sandi-suap-proyek-apbd-ke-istri-bupati-manggarai?page=1>
Kihlström, A. (2020). Communicative legitimacy: Habermas and democratic welfare work. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Knüpfer, C. B. & Entman, R. (2018). Framing conlicts in digitl and transnational media enviroments. Media, War & Conflict, 11(4), 476-448.
Kosfraedi, O. (2024). Potret kehidupan kolektif masyarakat Manggarai dalam budaya lonto leok Goodnewsformindonesia.id. <https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2024/02/12/potret-kehidupan-kolektif-masyarakat-manggarai-dalam-budaya-lonto-leok>
Lim, M. (2017). Freedom to hate: social media, algoritmic enclaves, and the rise of tribal nationalism in Indonesia. Critical Asian Studies, 49(3), 411-427.
Lupien, P., Rincon, A., Lalama, A. & Chiriboga, G. (2022). Framing indigenous protest in the online public sphere – A comparative frame analysis. New Media and Society, 26(3), 1-19.
Malung, S. (2023, Februari 26). Para aktivis wingis itu di byar n terorganisir membentuk kelompok pembenci penghasut pecundang tidak punya attitude salam waras. Facebook.com <https://www.facebook.com/share/p/xmJ9sD8HdHtig2VR/?mibextid=xfxF2i>
Manasye, Y. (2022, September 15). Istri bupati manggarai diperiksa terkait dugaan jual beli proyek APBD. Mediaindonesia.com. <https://mediaindonesia.com/nusantara/522755/istri-bupati-manggarai-diperiksa-terkait-dugaan-jual-beli-proyek-apbd>
Mbawar, M. (2022, Januari 22). Stop politik balas jasa setelah pilkada. pemkab manggarai dihimbau agar tidak mengangkat lagi THL. Facebook.com. <https://www.facebook.com/share/p/E1rNiWEAx8cGn2ep/?mibextid=xfxF2i>
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A.M. (1984). Qualitative data analysis – A sourcebook of new methods. New York, USA: Sage Publication.
Mouffe, C. (1993). The return of the political. London, Inggris: Verso.
----------------. (2000). The democratic paradox. London, Inggris: Verso.
----------------. (2005). On the political – Thinking in action. Abingdon, Inggris: Routledge.
----------------. (2009). Prosiding. Democratic politics and agonistic pluralism. Seminario interdisciplinar O(s) Sentido(s) Da(s) Cultura(s) Coordinando Por Ramón Maiz, Venres, 18 Desember 2009.
Moss, G. & Coleman, S. (2014). Deliberative manoeuvres in the digital darkness – E-democracy policy in the UK. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 16 (1) 410-427
Nelson, J. L., Lewis, D. A., & Lei, R. (2017). Digital democracy in America: A look at civic engagement in an internet age. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 94(1), 318–334.
Perbawani, P. S., Rahayu, & Anshari, I. N. (2018). Online political participation and netizen anonymity in indonesia’s digital democracy. Power Conflict Democracy Journal, 4(2), 185-212.
Raho, B. (2008). Metode penelitian sosial bagi para pemula. Ende, Indonesia: Penerbit Nusa Indah.
Spoelstra, S. (2020). The truth and falsehood of post-truth leaders. Leadership, 16(6), 757-764.
Stevenson, N. (2002). Understanding media cultures – Social theory and mass communication (2nd ed.). London, Inggris: Sage Publications.
Sugiyono & Lestari, P. (2021). Metode penelitian komunikasi (kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan cara mudah menulis artikel pada jurnal internasional). Bandung, Indonesia: Penerbit Alfabeta.
Tapung, M., Lon, Y.S., Payong, M. R., Maryani, E., Supriatna, N. (2018). Prosiding. Developing the value of “lonto leok” in manggarai culture to empower the skill of social problem-solving in social-sciences learning of junior high school. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities – Revitalization of Local Wisdom in Global and Competitive Era, 316-320.
Thaler, M. (2010). The illusion of purity: chantal mouffe’s realist critique of cosmopolitanism. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 36(7).
Tjiptoherijanto, P., & Prijono, Y. M. (1994). Demokrasi dalam masyarakat tradisional Jawa. Ekonomi dan Keuangan Indonesia, 42(4), 395-403.
Tsagarousianou, R. (1999). Electronic democracy: Rhetoric and reality. Communications (The European Journal of Communication Research), 24(2), 189-208.
Wahyuni, H. I. (2020). Keriuhan Komunikasi. Jakarta, Indonesia: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
We Are Social. (2023). Social media use reaches new milestone. Wearesocial.com. <https://wearesocial.com/id/blog/2023/07/social-media-use-reaches-new-milestone/>
Welzel, C., & Dalton, R. (eds.). (2014). The civic culture transformed – From allegiant to assertive citizens. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press.
----------------. (2017). Cultural change in asia and beyond – From allegiant to assertive citizens. Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 2(2), 112-132.
Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research design and methods (edisi kelima). St Peters, USA: COSMOS Corporation.
Zabar, T. (2022, Februari 7). Korupsi kepala daerah. <https://antikorupsi.org/id/korupsi-kepala-daerah>
Zhao, Y., & Lin, Z. (2019). The political cultures of forwarding on chinese social media – Lessons from hong kong chief executive election. Sage Open, 9(2), 1-11.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal ILMU KOMUNIKASI is an academic journal. As such, it is dedicated to the open exchange of information. For this reason, JIK is freely available to individuals and institutions. Authors who publish in Jurnal ILMU KOMUNIKASI will release their articles under the Creative Commons Attribution (BY) License. This license allows anyone to copy and redistribute the article in any medium or format as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially as long as they credit the authors for the original creation. For details of the rights authors grants users of their work, see the "human-readable summary" of the license, with a link to the full license. (Note that "you" refers to a user, not an author, in the summary)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.