KOMITMEN INDONESIA DALAM PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG BERDASARKAN INSTRUMEN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL

Authors

  • Katharina Stogmuller Universitas Gadjah Mada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24002/jep.v41i2.10331

Keywords:

Human Trafficking, Migrants, Palermo Protocol

Abstract

This research focuses on human trafficking in Indonesia. The Indonesian government has ratified several international agreements such as the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (UNCTOC), Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Person, Especially Women and Children (Palermo Protocol), Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air, ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (ACTIP). However, cases of human trafficking agreements involving Indonesian citizens still show significant numbers. This research uses a normative legal research method, focusing on international agreements adopted by the Indonesian government, including multilateral, regional,  bilateral agreements, and memorandum of understanding (MoU) that relate to the prevention and handling of human trafficking. This research finds out that although the Indonesian government has undertaken various efforts to prevent human trafficking the effectiveness of their implementation remains constrained.

References

Buku

Allain, Jean, 2012, Slavery in International Law: Of Human Exploitation and Trafficking, Brill, Leiden.

Austin, Mary, 2017, “Defending Indonesia’s Migrant Domestic Workers”, In Citizenship and American Democratization in Southeast Asia, edited by Ward Berenschot, et. all., Brill, Leiden.

Burke, Mary C., ed., 2022, Human Trafficking: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Routledge, London.

De Angelis, Maria, 2016, Human Trafficking: Women's Stories of Agency, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle.

Goździak, Elżbieta M., 2021, Human Trafficking as a New (In) Security Threat, Springer International Publishing, Cham.

Heymann, Jody, et. all., 2023, “Equal Rights at Work for Women Must Mean All Women”, In Equality within Our Lifetimes: How Laws and Policies Can Close or Widen Gender Gaps in Economies Worldwide, 1st ed., University of California Press, California.

Haverkamp, Rita, et. all., eds, 2019, What is Wrong with Human Trafficking? Critical Perspectives on the Law, Bloomsbury Publishing, Oxford.

Hupp Williamson, Sarah, 2022, Human Trafficking in the Era of Global Migration: Unraveling the Impact of Neoliberal Economic Policy, 1st ed., Bristol University Press, Bristol.

Lederer, Laura J., 2024, Human Trafficking: Examining the Facts, Bloomsbury Publishing, Chenna.

Lian, Kwen F., et. all., 2019, International Labour Migration in the Middle East and Asia: Issues of Inclusion and Exclusion, Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore.

Ne, Foo Yen, 2018, Human Trafficking: In the Shadows of the Law, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Singapore.

O'Brien, Erin, 2019, Challenging the Human Trafficking Narrative: Victims, Villains, and Heroes, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, New York.

Peters, Alicia W., 2015, Responding to Human Trafficking, Sex, Gender, and Culture in Law, PENN, Pennsylvania.

Purwati, Ani, 2020, Metode Penelitian Hukum Teori dan Praktek, Jakad Media Publishing, Jakarta.

Schendel, Willem v., et. all., 2012, Labour Migration and Human Trafficking in Southeast Asia: Critical Perspectives, Routledge, New York.

Schwarz, Corinne, 2023, Policing Victimhood: Human Trafficking, Frontline Work, and the Carceral State, Rutgers University Press, London.

Taufiqurohman, Muhammad, 2017, Di Balik Investigasi, 1st ed., Tempo, Jakarta.

Weatherburn, Amy, 2011, “The Legal Understanding of Human Trafficking for the Purpose of Labour Exploitation”, Chapter In Labour Exploitation in Human Trafficking Law, Human Rights Research Series, Intersentia, Lefebvre, Belgia.

Wylie, Gillian, 2016, The International Politics of Human Trafficking, Palgrave, Macmillan UK, London.

Jurnal

Alfarizi, M., I. Nurdin, dan J. Oktaviani, “Peran Interpol Indonesia dalam Menangani Kasus Penjualan Organ Tubuh Manusia di Kamboja”, Global Insights Journal: Jurnal Mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2025.

Ardanya, Cyndi, Meylinda Ekalia Wulandari, dan Kustiawan, “Diplomasi Indonesia dalam Menangani Kasus Perdagangan Manusia di Kamboja”, Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2025.

Aulya, L. P., Raden Arifin, Z. S. A. Sabri, dan N. D. Nte, “Interpol’s Efforts Against Human Trafficking by Non-Procedural Migrant Worker Networks in East Nusa Tenggara: Leveraging Legal Assistance Treaties”, International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2024.

Farrell, Amy, and Rebecca Pfeeffer, “Policing Human Trafficking: Cultural Blinders and Organizational Barriers”, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 653, No. 1, 2014.

Goei, Gatot, “Kekuasaan Pengawasan Ombudsman Republik Indonesia dalam Memastikan Hak Setiap Orang Bebas dari Penyiksaan dan Perbuatan Merendahkan Derajat Manusia”, Dharmasisya, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2021.

Kluge, Lucas, et. all., “A Multidimensional Global Migration Model for Use in Cohort-Component Population Projections”, Demographic Research, Vol. 51, 2024.

Latifah, Marfuatul, 2023, “Upaya Penanggulangan Darurat Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang di Indonesia”, Info Singkat, Vol. XV, No. 11, 2023.

Nola, Luthvi F., “Upaya Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang pada Pekerja Migran Indonesia”, Negara Hukum, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2023.

Prusinski, Ellen, ‘Because It Is Our Fate’: Migration Narratives and Coping Strategies among Indonesian Migrant Women Workers”, Asian Journal of Social Science, Vol. 44, No. 4-5, 2016.

Pustika, Anna A., “Arti Penting Mandatory Access Consular Notification dalam Hubungan Konsuler”, Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, Vol. 3. No. 1, 2021.

Wahyurudhanto, A., “Kerjasama Antar Negara dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (TPPO): Studi Kasus Kerjasama Indonesia-Malaysia”, Jurnal Ilmu Kepolisian, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2019.

Internet

AIM, 2024, “All You Need To Know About the TIP Report”, https://aimfree.org/trafficking-in-persons-report/, diakses pada 22 November 2024.

BBC News Indonesia, ”Arab Saudi Reformasi Sistem Kafala yang Disebut Kebijakan Perbudakan, Buruh Migran Bekerja 24 Jam hingga Berminat Bunuh Diri”, https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah-54916830, diakses pada 1 Desember 2024.

BBC, “Kasus pembunuhan Kim Jong-nam: Siti Aisyah dibebaskan, 'sangat bahagia, tidak menyangka'”, https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-47519881, diakses pada 24 November 2024.

Herin, Fransisikus P., “Saat Korban TPPO Asal NTT Berjumpa Pelaku di Pengadilan Malaysia”, https://www.kompas.id/baca/nusantara/2024/08/07/saat-korban-tppo-asal-ntt-berjumpa-pelaku-di-pengadilan-malaysia?open_from=Baca_Nanti_Page, diakses pada 1 Desember 2024.

_________________, “Menteri HAM Natalius Pigai : Aktor TPPO Mulai Kami Petakan”, https://www.kompas.id/baca/nusantara/2024/11/03/menteri-ham-aktor-tppo-mulai-kami-petakan?open_from=Baca_Nanti_Page, diakses pada 25 November 2024.

INTERPOL, “INTERPOL Makes Public Appeal to Help Track Environmental Fugitives”, https://www.interpol.int/News-and-Events/News/2019/INTERPOL-makes-public-appeal-to-help-track-environmental-fugitives, diakses pada 26 Desember 2025.

IOM, “Memperkuat Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Malaysia”, https://indonesia.iom.int/id/news/memperkuat-perlindungan-pekerja-migran-indonesia-di-malaysia, diakses pada 29 November 2024.

Laksono, Muhdany Y.,“Dalam 10 Tahun, 15 Pos Lintas Batas Negara Rampung Dibangun”, https://www.kompas.com/properti/read/2024/09/26/160000921/dalam-10-tahun-15-pos-lintas-batas-negara-rampung-dibangun, diakses pada 24 November 2024.

Martiar, Nobertus D., “Sebulan Terakhir Tangani 397 Kasus Perdagangan Orang, Banyak yang Dikirim ke Malaysia”, https://www.kompas.id/artikel/sebulan-terakhir-polri-tangani-397-kasus-perdagangan-orang-kebanyakan-ke-malaysia?open_from=Search_Result_Page, diakses pada 22 November 2024.

Mulya, Fath P., “Ketua Ombudsman : RI Banyak Mendapatkan Pengetahuan Berharga Lewat SEAOF”, https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4463945/ketua-ombudsman-ri-banyak-dapat-pengetahuan-berharga-lewat-seaof diakses pada 24 November 2024.

Nugraheny, Dian E., and Novianti Setuningsih, “Mahfud: Lebih dari 1.900 Jenazah WNI Korban TPPO Dipulangkan ke Tanah Air dalam Setahun”, https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2023/05/30/15214981/mahfud-lebih-dari-1900-jenazah-wni-korban-tppo-dipulangkan-ke-tanah-air?page=all#google_vignette, diakses pada 25 November 2024.

Saputra, Aji, Ihksan B., “Keterlibatan Oknum Pejabat Imigrasi di Kasus Perdagangan Orang di Sulawesi Selatan”, https://www.detik.com/sulsel/hukum-dan-kriminal/d-6777620/keterlibatan-oknum-pejabat-imigrasi-di-kasus-perdagangan-orang-di-sulsel, diakses pada 22 November 2024.

Saturnus, Chrisanctus P., “Perdagangan Orang Sebagai Persoalan Republik”, Kompas, https://www.kompas.id/baca/opini/2023/05/03/perdagangan-orang-sebagai-persoalan-republik, diakses pada 21 November 2024.

Sucahyo, Nurhadi, “Penjualan Ginjal Antarnegara Warnai Kejahatan Perdagangan Orang”, https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/penjualan-ginjal-antarnegara-warnai-kejahatan-perdagangan-orang-/7166124.html, diakses pada 27 November 2024.

Tempo, “49 Petugas Imigrasi Malaysia Ditangkap karena Terlibat Perdagangan Orang Asing termasuk WNI”, https://www.tempo.co/internasional/49-petugas-imigrasi-malaysia-ditangkap-karena-terlibat-perdagangan-orang-asing-termasuk-wni-7984, diakses pada 21 November 2024.

United Nations Treaty Colection, ”Multilateral Treaties Deposited with Secretary General”, https://treaties.un.org/pages/index.aspx, diakses pada 21 November 2024.

UNODC, “Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling”, https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/index.html, diakses pada 21 November 2024.

Wibowo, Antonius P., “Memerangi TPPO, Hulu hingga Hilir”, https://www.kompas.id/baca/opini/2023/07/30/memerangi-tppo-hulu-hingga-hilir, diakses pada 26 November 2024.

Wiyoga, Pandu, “Lagi, Polisi Gagalkan Pengiriman Ilegal Pekerja Migran di Pelabuhan Batam”, https://www.kompas.id/baca/nusantara/2023/08/18/lagi-polisi-gagalkan-pengiriman-ilegal-pekerja-migran-di-pelabuhan-batam, diakses pada 24 November 2024.

Laporan

U.S. Department of State, 2024 Trafficking in Persons Report: Indonesia.

Keterangan Pers Komnas HAM No. 35/ HM. 00/ V/2023 tentang Hasil Temuan Pemantauan Komnas HAM atas tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur.

Laporan Kajian Sistematik Ombudsman 2024 tentang Pelaksanaan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang.

Downloads

Published

30-Dec-2025