Correction and Retraction Policy

Justitia et Pax is committed to maintaining an accurate and trustworthy scholarly record. When errors or breaches of research and publication ethics are found in a published article, Justitia et Pax corrects the record promptly, transparently, and proportionately, following COPE and ICMJE guidance.

1. Principles

  • The purpose of correction and retraction is to inform readers and protect the literature, not to punish authors.
  • Published articles are never silently changed, replaced, or removed.
  • Decisions are based on evidence, made by the Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board, and documented.
  • Authors are informed and given a fair opportunity to respond before a decision.

2. Types of Notice

Notice

Grounds

Erratum

Errors introduced by the journal in production.

Corrigendum

Author errors that affect interpretation but do not invalidate the findings, such as a wrong citation of a law or case, a missing author, or an incorrect funding statement.

Addendum

Supplementary information that does not correct an error.

Expression of concern

Credible evidence of possible misconduct or unreliable findings, where an investigation is ongoing or inconclusive.

Retraction

Findings are unreliable due to misconduct (fabrication, falsification, plagiarism) or serious error; redundant publication; lack of required ethical approval or consent; manipulated authorship or peer review; or undisclosed conflicts that materially affected the work.

Removal

Rare cases only: content that is defamatory, infringes legal rights, is subject to a court order, or poses a serious risk. The bibliographic record and a notice remain.

 

3. Identified Issues

Issues may be raised by readers, authors, reviewers, editors, institutions, or funders, or found through the journal's own checks. Concerns about misconduct are handled under the journal's policy on allegations of research misconduct. Comments on articles are handled under the post-publication discussion policy.

4. Procedure

  1. Receipt and assessment. The Editor-in-Chief assesses whether the concern is substantiated.
  2. Author response. The corresponding author responds in writing within 10 days.
  3. Where needed, the Editorial Board consults experts, requests source materials, or asks the authors' institution to investigate. Editors with a conflict of interest take no part.
  4. The Editorial Board decides on the notice and informs the authors and, where appropriate, the person who raised the concern.
  5. Publication of the notice. The notice is published promptly, and linked to the article.
  6. Case files are kept confidentially.

5. Retraction in Detail

  • A retraction notice is titled “Retraction: (original title)”, has its own DOI, and is published in the online issue.
  • The notice states who is retracting, the reasons, and the evidence, in neutral language.
  • The article remains available on the website, with a clear “RETRACTED” mark on every page of the PDF and a link to the notice.
  • Retractions are reported to Crossref and to indexing services such as DOAJ, Google Scholar, and Garuda.
  • Authors may request retraction of their own work if they find a serious error.
  • For misconduct, the journal may inform the authors' institution or funder and restrict future submissions.

6. Corrections and Version Control

  • Corrections are separate notices linked in both directions with the article.
  • Minor typographical errors may be fixed online with a dated note.
  • As JEP issues a printed version at the end of each publishing period, corrections to articles already printed are also published in the next issue.

7. Appeals

Authors may appeal a retraction or expression of concern in writing to jep@mail.uajy.ac.id. with reasons and any new evidence. The appeal is reviewed by Editorial Board members not involved in the original decision.