KEWAJIBAN NEGARA SEHUBUNGAN DENGAN TERJADINYA PELANGGARAN KEISTIMEWAAN DAN KEKEBALAN DIPLOMATIK OLEH PEJABAT DIPLOMAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/jep.v34i2.1874Keywords:
state’s obligation, violation, diplomatic privilege and immunityAbstract
Abstract
In order to carry out the duties of representatives abroad, diplomatic representatives are given privileges and immunity. However, in practice there have been several cases where diplomatic officials violated the provisions of the 1961 Vienna Convention, especially the abuse of privileges and immunities they had. This violation has a certain effect in the form of an obligation for the state, both the recipient country and the sender to overcome this violation. In this regard, this paper intends to discuss what obligations should be carried out by the state in connection with the violation of diplomatic privileges and immunities by diplomatic officials themselves. The results of this paper show that there are several things that can be done by the state to respond to violations committed by diplomatic officials in the recipient country. The recipient country can declare a persona non-grataor expel a diplomatic representative back to the country of origin. In addition, the recipient country may also request the sending country to remove immunity held by the diplomatic officer concerned. As for the recipient country, the country can consider removing the immunity of its diplomatic officials, as well as calling back to the country of mission.
Keywords: state’s obligation, violation, diplomatic privilege and immunity
Intisari
Dalam rangka menjalankan tugas perwakilan di luar negeri, perwakilan diplomatik diberikan keistimewaan dan kekebalan. Kendati demikian, dalam praktek ditemukan beberapa kasus di mana pejabat diplomatik melakukan pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan Konvensi Wina 1961, terkhusus penyalahgunaan hak keistimewaan dan kekebalan yang dimilikinya. Pelanggaran ini tentu menimbulkan akibat tertentu berupa kewajiban bagi negara, baik negera penerima maupun pengirim untuk menanggulangi pelanggaran ini. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, tulisan ini hendak membahas kewajiban seperti apa yang perlu dilakukan negara sehubungan dengan terjadinya pelanggaran hak keisitimewaan dan kekebalan diplomatik oleh pejabat diplomatik itu sendiri. Hasil dari penulisan ini menunjukan bahwa ada beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan oleh negara untuk menanggapi pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh pejabat diplomatik di negara penerima. Untuk negara penerima dapat menyatakan persona non-grata maupun mengusir perwakilan diplomatik kembali ke negara asal. Selain itu, negara penerima dapat juga meminta negara pengirim untuk menanggalkan kekebalan yang dimiliki pejabat diplomatik yang bersangkutan. Sedangkan bagi negara penerima, negara tersebut dapat mempertimbangkan untuk menanggalkan kekebalan yang dimiliki pejabat diplomatiknya, maupun melakukan pemanggilan kembali ke negara perutusan. Kata kunci:Kewajiban Negara, Pelanggaran, Kekebalan dan Keistimewaan Diplomatik
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