ANALISIS YURIDIS PENYELESAIAN PERMASALAHAN PEWARISAN HUKUM ADAT BATAK TOBA ATAS SISTEM KEKERABATAN PATRILINEAL

Authors

  • Aisyah Ayu Musyafah Universitas Diponegoro
  • Salsa Sabila Universitas Diponegoro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24002/jep.v42i1.9514

Keywords:

Batak Toba, Customary Inheritance Law, Patrilineal, Supreme Court Decision, Women's Inheritance Rights

Abstract

Customary inheritance law in the Batak Toba community is closely related to the patrilineal kinship system, which traditionally places sons as successors of lineage, family property, and customary responsibilities. However, social change, judicial development, and the principle of equality under Indonesian law have influenced the position of daughters in inheritance disputes. This article aims to analyse the inheritance system in Batak Toba customary law and examine the legal position of women in Batak Toba inheritance under Indonesian positive law. This research uses a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings show that Batak Toba inheritance practice cannot be understood as a uniform rule that absolutely excludes women from inheritance. Although the patrilineal structure traditionally prioritises sons, women may obtain property through grants, Pauseang, family agreement, or judicial recognition. Supreme Court decisions have also contributed to the recognition of inheritance rights for daughters and widows. This article argues that resolving Batak Toba inheritance disputes requires a model of harmonisation between customary values and Indonesian positive law, particularly by distinguishing women’s legal entitlement to inheritance from customary grants or family-based compensation.

References

Buku

Diantha, I Made Pasek, 2016, Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif dalam Justifikasi Teori Hukum, Prenada Media Group, Jakarta.

Marzuki, Peter Mahmud, 2022, Penelitian Hukum (Edisi revisi), Kencana, Jakarta.

Muhaimin, 2020, Metode Penelitian Hukum, Mataram University Press, Mataram.

Muhammad, Bushar, 2000, Pokok-Pokok Hukum Adat, Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta.

Sjarif, dkk, 2006, Hukum Kewarisan Perdata Barat Pewarisan Menurut Undang-Undang, Kencana, Jakarta.

Jurnal

Aisyah, dkk, “Keberadaan Hukum Waris Adat dalam Pembagian Warisan pada Masyarakat Adat Batak Toba Sumatera Utara”, Mizan: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Vol. 11, No. 1, Juni 2022.

Alhaq, Abdul Ali Mutammima Amar, M. Idris, dan La Ode Ismail Ahmad, “Pluralism and Justice in Indonesian Inheritance Law: A Comparative Analysis of Customary, Islamic and Civil Systems”, Kalosara: Family Law Review, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2025.

Batubara, Krisna Rohani Anjelin, “Perkembangan Pembagian Warisan bagi Anak Perempuan dan Janda dalam Hukum Waris Adat Suku Batak Toba di Wilayah Kabupaten Brebes”, Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Kekuasaan, Vol. 4, No. 1, Agustus 2023.

Dewi, Dian Kemala, “Hak Waris Perempuan menurut Hukum Adat Batak Toba sebelum dan sesudah Keluarnya Keputusan MA. No. 179K/SIP/1961”, Warta Dharmawangsa, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2020.

Editya, dkk, “Penyelesaian Hukum dalam Waris Adat Batak Toba terhadap Ahli Waris Muslim”, Tanjungpura Acta Borneo Journal, Vol.1, No. 2, 2023.

Elpina, “Kedudukan Perempuan dalam Hukum waris Adat Batak Toba”, Jurnal Hukum Kalam Keadilan, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2015.

Lumban Gaol, Sastra Gunawan, Dhaniar Eka Budiastanti, Wika Yudha Shanty, Ariyanti, dan Galih Puji Mulyono, “Analisis Perkembangan Kedudukan Perempuan dalam Pewarisan Hukum Adat Batak Toba di Kota Malang”, Bhirawa Law Journal, Vol. 5, No. 1, Mei 2024.

Maharani, Nadia Prasista, dkk, “Kedudukan Anak Perempuan dalam Pembagian Waris Suku Batak Toba Ditinjau dari Hukum Adat”, Perkara: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Politik, Vol. 2, No. 1, Maret 2024.

Nurjanah, Siti, dkk, “Kewarisan dalam Sistem Kekerabatan Matrilineal, Patrilineal, dan Parental”, Al-Mashlahah: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial Islam, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2023.

Parinussa, Weldo, dkk, “Hak Perempuan dalam Pembagian Harta Waris Adat Batak Toba: Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan No. 564/Pdt.G/2015/PN Mdn”, TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Vol. 4, No. 5, 2024.

Rantan, Maria Raissa Sofia dan Ning Adiasih, “Penerapan Sistem Pewarisan Patrilineal Masyarakat Adat Batak Toba (Putusan Nomor 3494 K/Pdt/2016)”, Reforma Hukum Trisakti, Vol. 5, No. 2, Mei 2023.

Rohman, Abd, “Batak Toba Customary Inheritance Law from a Gender Justice Perspective”, Jurnal Mengkaji Indonesia, Vol. 4, No. 1, Juli 2025.

Sanjaya, Geraldy Randa, dkk, “Analisis Putusan Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Negeri Balige terhadap Penyelesaian Sengketa Waris Adat Batak Toba dalam Putusan Nomor 3494 K/Pdt/2016”, Mandub: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2024.

Sianturi, Wahila N, “Kedudukan Perempuan dalam Hukum Waris Adat Batak Toba (Desa Unte Mungkur Kecamatan Muara)”, Jurnal Rectum, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2023.

Siahaan, Edwin Marganda Tua, dkk, “Pembagian Harta Warisan untuk Anak Perempuan Tunggal dalam Adat Batak Toba”, Mizan: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Vol. 11, No. 1, Juni 2022.

Sidabalok, Harni Indri Ati, dkk, “Kedudukan Anak Perempuan dalam Mewaris pada Masyarakat Batak Toba di Desa Simpang Mesuji”, Zaaken: Journal of Civil and Business Law, Vol. 4, No. 3, Oktober 2023.

Sihite, R., dkk, “Akibat Hukum Pembagian Warisan terhadap Anak Perempuan Menurut Hukum Adat Batak Toba dan Hukum Islam”, Journal on Education, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2024.

Sipahutar, Gracia Taruli Apriliani, dkk, “Comparison of Civil Inheritance Law and Toba Batak Traditional Inheritance Law Regarding Those Who Only Have Daughters as Heirs”, Awang Long Law Review, Vol. 6, No. 1, November 2023.

Downloads

Published

19-May-2026