MERANCANG ULANG KOTA: LANGKAH ADAPTASI DALAM MENCIPTAKAN KOTA BERKELANJUTAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/jars.v10i1.1040Keywords:
redesain, adaptasi, berkelanjutan, redesign, adaptation, sustainableAbstract
Abstract: Currently, urban architecture is frequently referred to as one of main contributors for the occurrence of global warming. Global warming issue is getting more popular in which high-rise buildings in cities becomes one of the causes as they produce 68% of total CO2 emission gas on the earth. The emission of green house gasses in the year of 1970-2004 increased by 70%, global temperature increased by 0.72% in ten decades, and since 1961 the sea surface topography has increased by 0.175 cm/year. In other words, urban architecture greatly contributes in increasing micro climate, particularly city climate. The micro climate is caused by the heat emitted by buildings and roads, and building equipments using electrical energy. The finishing of architectural design in cities by using heat emitting materials tends to be environmentally unfriendly. The design has a potency to create climate disorder. The building mass, particularly high-rise buildings in the city area, is designed independently. Consequently, it reflects heat among building mass one another, and it disrupts shadowing system. Global warming effect is still neglected by architects. They still believe in the superiority of architectural design in technological context and anti-natural. The issues of global warming effect seem to be the central issues to be considered by architects and city designers on how important urban architectural design, which is environmentally friendly, in creating an environmentally responsive city. In addition, the effects of global climate change have to be redefined in the design criteria of urban architectural buildings. The result of this study shows that redesigning urban architecture has to consider some factors, such as technical finishing design using recent technology, people behaviour, and related regulations.
Keywords: redesign, adaptation, sustainableAbstrak: Selama ini, arsitektur perkotaan seringkali dianggap sebagai salah satu penyumbang utama terjadinya pemanasan global (“global warming"). Isu pemanasan global menjadi semakin popular, di mana gedung bertingkat di perkotaan menjadi salah satu penyebabnya karena telah menghasilkan 68% total gas emisi gas CO2di bumi. Emisi gas rumah kaca pada tahun 1970-2004 mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 70%, suhu global naik 0,72% dalam sepuluh dasawarsa, dan sejak tahun 1961 permukaan laut naik 0,175 cm/tahun. Dengan kata lain, arsitektur perkotaan memberikan sumbangan besar terhadap naiknya iklim mikro, terutama iklim di perkotaan. Kenaikan iklim mikro tersebut diakibatkan oleh panas yang dipancarkan oleh bangunan dan jalan serta kelengkapan bangunan yang menggunakan energi listrik. Penyelesaian desain arsitektur di perkotaan dengan menggunakan material yang memantulkan panas cenderung tidak ramah lingkungan. Desain tersebut berpotensi menciptakan kekacauan iklim. Massa bangunan, terutama bangunan tinggi di kawasan perkotaan, dirancang tanpa memperhatikan konteks lingkungan, akibatnya terjadi efek saling memantulkan panas antar massa bangunan, serta mengacaukan sistem pembayangan. Dampak pemanasan gobal masih kurang diperhatikan oleh para arsitek, mereka masih percaya pada keunggulan desain arsitektur yang berbasis teknologi dan anti natural. Kiranya isu dampak pemanasan global menjadi isu utama yang layak diperhatikan oleh para arsitek dan perancang kota mengenai betapa pentingnya desain arsitektur perkotaan yang ramah lingkungan dalam mewujudkan kota yang tanggap lingkungan. Dampak perubahan iklim global perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai kriteria desain bangunan arsitektur perkotaan. Hasil dari pembahasan ini menunjukkan bahwa merancang ulang arsitektur perkotaan sebagai langkah adaptasi menuju kota yang tanggap lingkungan perlu memperhatikan beberapa faktor, yaitu faktor penyelesaian desain secara teknis dengan teknologi terkini, perilaku masyarakat, dan peraturan yang mengikat.
Kata kunci : redesain, adaptasi, berkelanjutanReferences
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