MODEL REKONSTRUKSI RUMAH PASCA GEMPA DI YOGYAKARTA DAN KLATEN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/jars.v10i1.1047Keywords:
design, structure, construction management, model development, desain, struktur, pengelolaan pembangunan, pengembangan modelAbstract
The research’s aim is to evaluate the conditions of 2006 post earthquake houses (PEH) in Bantul, Sleman, and Klaten. Evaluation includes building design, structure, and construction management. The characteristics of 13 PEH models are compared to find new better models. There are three types of PEH: core house, earthquake-response house, and fixed house. Core houses is the best choice since it gives opportunities to the users to develop the house suitable to their needs and budget. Three types of structures found are concrete frame, non-concrete frame (wooden, bamboo, and steel frame), and dome. Concrete and steel frames are the best choices in terms of the earthquake response, construction process and development, material availabity, and maintenance. Prefabrication of construction will shorten the construction process. However, dome house is not appropriate related to the climate as well as social and cultural condition of the community. There are three types of construction management: full participation, semi-participation, and no-participation. All types can be applied depend on the condition of the community. The higher the participation level, the better, but it takes more time. The research finds that core house with various alternatives of design development using reinforced concrete structure is the best choice, while the model of construction management more depends on the condition of local communities.
Keywords: design, structure, construction management, model development
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi rumah bantuan pasca gempa 2006 di Bantul dan Sleman (DIY) serta Klaten (Jawa Tengah). Evaluasi meliputi desain bangunan, struktur bangunan, dan pengelolaan pembangunan. Metoda komparatif digunakan untuk membandingkan karakteristik 13 model rumah untuk membuat model rekonstruksi yang lebih baik. Ada tiga jenis desain rumah, yaitu: rumah inti, rumah tahan gempa, dan rumah jadi. Rumah inti adalah pilihan yang terbaik karena memberi kebebasan pada penghuni untuk mengembangkan rumahnya sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi keuangan. Ditinjau dari strukturnya ada tiga jenis, yaitu: rangka beton, rangka non-beton (kayu, bambu, dan baja ringan), dan dome. Rangka beton atau baja ringan adalah pilihan terbaik terkait dengan ketahanannya terhadap gempa, kemudahan pengerjaan dan pengembangan, ketersediaan bahan, keawetan, dan kemudahan pemeliharaan. Konstruksi beton prefab akan mempersingkat waktu pengerjaan, sedangkan struktur dome adalah pilihan yang kurang tepat terkait dengan kondisi alam dan sosial budaya masyarakat. Ditinjau dari pengelolaan pembangunannya ada tiga jenis, yaitu: partisipasi penuh, semi-partisipasi, dan tanpa partisipasi. Ketiganya dapat diterapkan sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat. Semakin tinggi tingkat partisipasi masyarakat, maka akan semakin baik hasilnya, tetapi membutuhkan waktu lebih banyak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa desain rumah inti dengan berbagai alternatif pengembangan desain yang dibangun dengan struktur beton bertulang merupakan pilihan yang terbaik, sedangkan model pengelolaan pembangunan sangat bergantung pada kondisi masyarakat setempat.
Kata kunci: desain, struktur, pengelolaan pembangunan, pengembangan modelReferences
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