EVALUASI PERFORMA VENTILASI ALAMI PADA DESAIN BUKAAN RUANG KELAS UNIVERSITAS ATMA JAYA YOGYAKARTA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/jars.v10i3.1111Keywords:
ventilation, optimization, room openings, computer simulation, ventilasi, optimasi, bukaan ruang, simulasi komputerAbstract
Abstract: Education is an important sector of a nation toward better future. Conducive classroom with well designed room ventilation would encourage occupants in implementing effective teaching and learning activities. Research was conducted to figure out classroom performance and optimization of natural ventilation which was occurred in Engineering Faculty of UAJY represented by the classroom number 2406 as case study. Research is focused on classroom ventilation elements by examining window’s dimension, occupant’s adaptive behavior, opening types, and glass type at windward side. This research implements rationalistic method by utilizing computer simulation software DesignBuilder complemented with CFD in order to analyze and deduce information obtained primarily by field measurement and other relevant literatures. Results generated by DesignBuilder show that changes in ventilation area at external windows have significant influence over room’s ventilation performance. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) experiments were conducted by examining opening types shown on room’s vertical section drawing, opening positions, overhangs, and external louvre types. Results show that experiments conducted by replacing the bottom layer of fixed windows with operable windows has significant effect in improving ventilation performance. Variation on overhangs only produce little impact, yet experiments on external louvres prove that the best type is horizontal louvre. Optimization done by studying above variables is capable to increase ventilation performance up to 800% in examined classroom.
Keywords: ventilation, optimization, room openings, computer simulation
Abstrak: Sektor pendidikan adalah tulang punggung suatu bangsa demi menuju masa depan yang lebih baik. Ruang kelas yang berkualitas dan kondusif dengan perencanaan sistem ventilasi dalam ruang yang baik bagi kegiatan belajar mengajar akan membantu tercapainya tujuan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana performa ventilasi alami ruang dengan studi kasus Ruang Kelas 2406 Gedung Fakultas Teknik UAJY dan bagaimana bentuk optimasinya. Penelitian berfokus pada elemen bukaan dengan berbagai dimensi jendela, pengaturan adaptif penghuni, jenis bukaan ventilasi pada jendela, serta jenis kaca jendela pada sisi windward (angin datang). Metode simulasi komputer diperkuat dengan pengukuran lapangan menjadi alat bantu menakar dan mengoptimalisir kebutuhan ventilasi alami melalui berbagai variasi desain bukaan. Hasil studi dengan DesignBuilder memperlihatkan bahwa variabel luasan ventilasi pada jendela (“external window open”) memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap performa ventilasi alami dalam ruang. Studi dengan CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) berfokus pada model bukaan ruang, yaitu model bukaan pada potongan vertikal ruang, posisi bukaan, tipe teritisan (“overhang”) serta kerai (“louvre”) eksternal. Eksperimen pada posisi bukaan inlet menunjukkan bahwa perubahan jendela mati menjadi jendela hidup pada lapis bawah menghasilkan performa ventilasi lebih baik. Studi teritisan tidak memiliki pengaruh besar, sedangkan studi kerai membuktikan bahwa jenis kerai terbaik adalah kerai horisontal. Optimasi ini mampu meningkatkan performa ventilasi hingga 800% pada studi kasus.
Kata kunci: ventilasi, optimasi, bukaan ruang, simulasi komputer
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