Board Characteristics and Disclosure of Environmental Sustainability Reports in Indonesia: Moderation Effects of Political Connection

Authors

  • Ursula Claudya Universitas Diponegoro
  • Surya Raharja Universitas Diponegoro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v27i2.6808

Keywords:

board characteristics, political connections, environmental sustainability reports, GRI standards

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the characteristics of the board of commissioners in Indonesia affect the level of corporate environmental sustainability reporting, as well as to examine the moderating effect of political connections on the disclosure of environmental sustainability reports. The sample used was 80 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. The analysis technique used is Moderated Regression Analysis to examine the moderating effect of political connections and the effect of board characteristics on the disclosure of environmental sustainability reports. The results show that the board size variable has a significant positive effect on the disclosure level of environmental sustainability reports. Additionally, this study found that political connections weaken the influence of gender diversity on the disclosure of environmental sustainability reports. These findings provide valuable insights and evaluation for stakeholders aiming to implement good corporate governance practices to enhance environmental sustainability reporting performance. They can also serve as input for the government in developing guidelines for corporate sustainability reporting.

 

References

Aguilera, R. V., 2005. Corporate governance and director accountability: an institutional comparative perspective*. British Journal of Management, 16(s1), S39–S53.

Ali, M., Ng, Y.L. and Kulik, C.T., 2014. Board age and gender diversity: A test of competing linear and curvilinear predictions. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(3), 497–512.

Al-Shaer, H. and Zaman, M., 2016. Board gender diversity and sustainability reporting quality. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 12(3), 210–222.

Amran, A., Lee, S.P. and Devi, S.S., 2014. the influence of governance structure and strategic corporate social responsibility toward sustainability reporting quality. Business Strategy and the Environment, 23(4), 217–235.

Azman, M.I.K.B.K. and Rashid, A.B.A., 2020. Board composition and characteristics' effect on the quality of sustainability reporting among companies in Malaysia. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 12(4), 278–296.

Bekiroğlu, Ç., Erdil, O. and Alpkan, L., 2011. Variables Perceived by Managers as Antecedents That Lead Firms to Environmental Management: An Empirical Research in the Turkish Construction Sector. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 101–122.

Berraies, S. and Rejeb, W. Ben., 2019. Boards of directors' roles and size: What effects on exploitative and exploratory innovations case of listed Tunisian firms. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 23(2), 161.

Bhatia, A. and Tuli, S., 2017. Corporate attributes affecting sustainability reporting: an Indian perspective. International Journal of Law and Management, 59(3), 322–340.

Bianchi, M.T., Monteiro, P., Azevedo, G., Oliveira, J., Viana, R.C. and Branco, M.C., 2019. Political connections and corporate social responsibility reporting in Portugal. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(4), 1203–1215.

Bliss, M.A. and Gul, F.A., 2012. Political connection and cost of debt: Some Malaysian evidence. Journal of Banking & Finance, 36(5), 1520–1527.

Boubakri, N., Cosset, J.-C. and Saffar, W., 2008. Political connections of newly privatized firms. Journal of Corporate Finance, 14(5), 654–673.

Chams, N. and García-Blandón, J., 2019. Sustainable or not sustainable? The role of the board of directors. Journal of Cleaner Production, 226, 1067–1081.

Chang, Y.K., Oh, W.-Y., Park, J.H. and Jang, M.G., 2017. Exploring the relationship between board characteristics and CSR: Empirical evidence from Korea. Journal of Business Ethics, 140(2), 225–242.

Chebbi, K., Aliedan, M. M., and Alsahlawi, A. M., 2020. Women on the Board and Environmental Sustainability Reporting: Evidence from France. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change., 14(11).

Cheng, Z., Wang, F., Keung, C. and Bai, Y., 2017. Will corporate political connection influence the environmental information disclosure level? Based on the panel data of A-Shares from listed companies in Shanghai Stock Market. Journal of Business Ethics, 143(1), 209–221.

de Villiers, C., Naiker, V., and van Staden, C. J., 2011. The Effect of Board Characteristics on Firm Environmental Performance. Journal of Management, 37(6), 1636–1663.

Deegan, C., 2014. Financial Accounting Theory 4th Edition. Australia: McGraw-Hill Education Pty Ltd.

Dicko, S., Khemakhem, H. and Zogning, F., 2020. Political connections and voluntary disclosure: the case of Canadian listed companies. Journal of Management and Governance, 24(2), 481–506.

Dissanayake, D., Tilt, C., and Qian, W., 2019. Factors influencing sustainability reporting by Sri Lankan companies. Pacific Accounting Review, 31(1), 84–109.

Dowling, J. and Pfeffer, J., 1975. Organisational Legitimacy: Social Value and Organisational Behavior. 1st ed. Pacific Sociological Review.

Ekaputri, C.W. and Eriandani, R., 2022. Pengaruh corporate governance terhadap kualitas sustainability reporting. JAK (Jurnal Akuntansi) Kajian Ilmiah Akuntansi, 9(1), 72–86.

EY Global Institutional Investor Survey., 2020. How Will ESG Performance Shape Your Future? 5th ed. EYGM Limited. [pdf] Available at: https://assets.ey.com/content/dam/ey-sites/ey-com/en_gl/topics/assurance/assurance-pdfs/ey-global-institutional-investor-survey-2020.pdf. [Accessed 8 August 2022].

Faccio, M., 2006. Politically connected firms. American Economic Review, 96(1), 369–386.

Fernandes, S.M., Bornia, A.C. and Nakamura, L.R., 2018. The influence of boards of directors on environmental disclosure. Management Decision, 57(9), pp.2358-2382.

Fisman, R., 2001. Estimating the value of political connections. American Economic Review, 91(4),1095–1102.

Garcia-Blandon, J., Argilés-Bosch, J.M. and Ravenda, D., 2019. Exploring the relationship between CEO characteristics and performance. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 20(6), 1064–1082.

García-Sánchez, I.-M., Suárez-Fernández, O. and Martínez-Ferrero, J., 2019. Female directors and impression management in sustainability reporting. International Business Review, 28(2), 359–374.

Gerged, A.M., 2021. Factors affecting corporate environmental disclosure in emerging markets: The role of corporate governance structures. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(1), 609–629.

Girella, L., Zambon, S. and Rossi, P., 2021. Board characteristics and the choice between sustainability and integrated reporting: A European analysis. Meditari Accountancy Research.

Global Reporting, 2022. A Short Introduction to the GRI Standards. [online] Available at: https://www.globalreporting.org/media/wtaf14tw/a-short-introduction-to-the-gri-standards.pdf. [Accessed 22 September 2022].

Gomez, E.T. and Jomo, K.S., 1997. Malaysia's Political Economy: Politics. Patronage and Profits. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gu, H., Ryan, C., Bin, L. and Wei, G., 2013. Political connections, guanxi and adoption of CSR policies in the Chinese hotel industry: Is there a link? Tourism Management, 34, 231–235.

Hafsi, T. and Turgut, G., 2013. Boardroom diversity and its effect on social performance: Conceptualization and empirical evidence. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(3), 463–479.

Harymawan, I., Agustia, D. and Kusuma Agung, A., 2017. Characteristics of politically connected firms in Indonesia. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 15(4), 17–23.

Hillman, A.J., Cannella, A.A. and Paetzold, R.L., 2000. The resource dependence role of corporate directors: Strategic adaptation of board composition in response to environmental change. Journal of Management Studies, 37(2), 235–256.

Hillman, A.J., Keim, G.D. and Schuler, D., 2004. Corporate political activity: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 30(6), 837–857.

Hogner, R.H., 1982. Corporate social reporting: Eight decades of development at US steel. Research in Corporate Performance and Policy, (4).

Janggu, T., Darus, F., Zain, M.M. and Sawani, Y., 2014. Does good corporate governance lead to better sustainability reporting? An analysis using structural equation modeling. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 145, 138–145.

Jhunjhunwala, S. and Mishra, R.K., 2012. Board diversity and corporate performance: The Indian evidence. IUP Journal of Corporate Governance, 11(3), 71–79.

Joni, J., Ahmed, K. and Hamilton, J., 2020a. Politically connected boards, family and business group affiliations, and cost of capital: Evidence from Indonesia. The British Accounting Review, 52(3), 100878.

Joni, J., Ahmed, K. and Hamilton, J., 2020b. Politically connected boards, family business groups and firm performance. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 16(1), 93–121.

Kagzi, M., and Guha, M., 2018. Does board demographic diversity influence firm performance? Evidence from Indian-knowledge intensive firms. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 25(3), 1028–1058.

Keim, G.D. and Zeithaml, C.P., 1986. Corporate political strategy and legislative decision making: A review and contingency approach. The Academy of Management Review, 11(4), 828.

Kets de Vries, M.F.R. and Miller, D., 1984. The Neurotic Organization. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.

Komite Nasional Kebijakan Governance, 2006. Pedoman Umum Good Corporate Governance Indonesia. Jakarta.

KPMG, 2020. The Time Has Come: The KPMG Survey of Sustainability Reporting 2020. KPMG International. [pdf] Available at: https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/be/pdf/2020/12/The_Time_Has_Come_KPMG_Survey_of_Sustainability_Reporting_2020.pdf. [Accessed 8 August 2022].

Kuo, L. and Yu, H.-C., 2017. Corporate political activity and environmental sustainability disclosure. Baltic Journal of Management, 12(3), 348–367.

Kuzey, C. and Uyar, A., 2017. Determinants of sustainability reporting and its impact on firm value: Evidence from the emerging market of Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 27–39.

Leuz, C. and Oberholzergee, F., 2006. Political relationships, global financing, and corporate transparency: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Financial Economics, 81(2), 411–439.

Li, S., Song, X. and Wu, H., 2015. Political connection, ownership structure, and corporate philanthropy in China: A strategic-political perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 129(2), 399–411.

M. Shamil, M., M. Shaikh, J., Ho, P.-L. and Krishnan, A., 2014. The influence of board characteristics on sustainability reporting. Asian Review of Accounting, 22(2), 78–97.

Majalah CSR, 2022. Direktur BEI : Pelaporan Keberlanjutan Meningkat Seiring Naiknya Investor di Indonesia. Available at: https://majalahcsr.id/direktur-bei-pelaporan-keberlanjutan-meningkat-seiring-naiknya-investor-di-indonesia/. [Accessed 8 August 2022].

Masud, Md.A.K., Nurunnabi, M. and Bae, S.M., 2018. The effects of corporate governance on environmental sustainability reporting: Empirical evidence from South Asian countries. Asian Journal of Sustainability and Social Responsibility, 3(1).

Muttakin, M.B., Mihret, D.G. and Khan, A., 2018. Corporate political connection and corporate social responsibility disclosures. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 31(2), 725–744.

Ntim, C.G. and Soobaroyen, T., 2013. Black economic empowerment disclosures by South African listed corporations: The influence of ownership and board characteristics. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(1), 121–138.

Nursimloo, S., Ramdhony, D. and Mooneeapen, O., 2020. Influence of board characteristics on TBL reporting. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 20(5), 765–780.

OECD, 2004. OECD Principle of Corporate Governance. Paris: OECD Publication Service.

OJK, 2016. Keuangan Berkelanjutan. Available at: https://www.ojk.go.id/id/Pages/Keuangan-Berkelanjutan.aspx. [Accessed 20 May 2023].

Papadimitri, P., Pasiouras, F., Tasiou, M. and Ventouri, A., 2020. The effects of board of directors' education on firms' credit ratings. Journal of Business Research, 116, 294–313.

Post, C., Rahman, N. and Rubow, E., 2011. Green governance: Boards of directors' composition and environmental corporate social responsibility. Business & Society, 50(1), 189–223.

Qian, W. and Chen, X., 2021. Corporate environmental disclosure and political connection in regulatory and leadership changes: The case of China. The British Accounting Review, 53(1), 100935.

Rao, K., and Tilt, C., 2016. Board Composition and Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Diversity, Gender, Strategy and Decision Making. Journal of Business Ethics, 138(2), 327–347.

Rezaee, Z., 2007. Corporate Governance Post-Sarbanes-Oxley: Regulations, Requirements, and Integrated Processes. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Selin, M., Joni, J. and Ahmed, K., 2022. Political affiliation types and corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitment: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change.

Shaffer, B., 1995. Firm-level responses to government regulation: Theoretical and research approaches. Journal of Management, 21(3), 495–514.

Sharma, S., Durand, R.M. and Gur-Arie, O., 1981. Identification and Analysis of Moderator Variables. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 291.

Stuebs, M., and Sun, L., 2014. Corporate Governance and Environmental Activity (pp. 81–113).

SWA, 2013. Perusahaan Pembuat Laporan Keberlanjutan Kian Banyak di Indonesia. Available at: https://swa.co.id/swa/trends/business-research/perusahaan-pembuat-laporan-keberlanjutan-kian-banyak-di-indonesia. [Accessed 10 July 2022].

The Global Carbon Project, 2020. Fossil Fuel Emissions. Available at: https://www.globalcarbonproject.org/. [Accessed 10 July 2022]

Trireksani, T. and Djajadikerta, H.G., 2016. Corporate governance and environmental disclosure in the Indonesian mining industry. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 10(1), 18–28.

Usman, B., 2020. CSR Performance, Firm's Attributes, and Sustainability Reporting.

Van Hoang, T. H., Przychodzen, W., Przychodzen, J., and Segbotangni, E. A., 2021. Environmental transparency and performance: Does the corporate governance matter? Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 10, 100123.

Wu, B., Fang, H., Jacoby, G., Li, G. and Wu, Z., 2022. Environmental regulations and innovation for sustainability? Moderating effect of political connections. Emerging Markets Review, 50, 100835.

Zajac, E.J. and Westphal, J.D., 1996. Who shall succeed? How CEO/board preferences and power affect the choice of new CEOs. Academy of Management Journal, 39(1), 64–90.

Zhang, C., 2017. Political connections and corporate environmental responsibility: Adopting or escaping? Energy Economics, 68, 539–547.

Published

2023-09-24

Issue

Section

Articles