Flexible Work in E-Commerce: Impact on Engagement Mediated by Satisfaction and Work-Life Balance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v30i1.11251Keywords:
flexible working arrangement, work-life balance, job satisfaction, employee engagementAbstract
This study was conducted to determine the application of flexible working arrangements for employee engagement, mediated by work-life balance and job satisfaction, in E-Commerce industry. The method employed was purposive sampling as a technique to determine the sample. This study was conducted by distributing Google Form questionnaires using a Likert scale to employees in the E-Commerce industry who are currently or have previously worked under hybrid or flexible working arrangements. Data were collected from 129 respondents and processed using SmartPLS 4.1 software. The criteria in this study are employees who are currently or have previously worked under hybrid or flexible working arrangements in the e-commerce industry. The research offers practical insights for optimizing flexible working arrangements in the e-commerce industry. The findings can guide companies in enhancing policy implementation through clear work guidelines, structured reward systems, employee training, and a strong feedback culture—ultimately improving employee engagement and the quality of human resources.
References
Ahdianita, F. C. N., & Setyaningrum, R. P. (2024). The effect of work flexibility, work-life balance, and job satisfaction of millennial employees. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 4(4), 1875–1889. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i4.1116
Azizah, M. S., Soemaryani, I., & Sartika, D. (2023). The influence of flexible working arrangement on job satisfaction and its impact on productive behavior in employees in Indonesian e-commerce companies. AFEBI Management and Business Review, 8(2), 125–136. https://journal.afebi.org/index.php/ambr/article/view/764
Aziz-Ur-Rehman, M., & Siddiqui, D. A. (2020). Relationship between flexible working arrangements and job satisfaction mediated by work-life balance: Evidence from public sector universities employees of Pakistan. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 10(1), 104–127. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v10i1.15875
Bakker, A. B., & Albrecht, S. (2018). Work engagement: Current trends. Career Development International, 23(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-11-2017-0207
Bal, P. M., & De Lange, A. H. (2015). From flexibility human resource management to employee engagement and perceived job performance across the lifespan: A multisample study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88(1), 126–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12082
Cellucci, A. J., & DeVries, D. L. (1978). Measuring managerial satisfaction: A manual for the MJSQ. Center for Creative Leadership. Michigan: University of Michigan.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295–336). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=EDZ5AgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&ots=4awD_pt6hk&sig=u5BD3Kmd5bKfx69sJ8sj0tDvcSA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700536001
Clarke, M. C., Koch, L. C., & Hill, E. J. (2004). The work-family interface: Differentiating balance and fit. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 33(2), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077727X04269610
Darpin, Taufik, & Fikran, M. (2022). Analisis penerapan hybrid working dalam meningkatkan produktivitas kerja pegawai pada Dinas Koperasi & UMKM Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Journal Publicuho, 5(4), 1415–1426. https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v5i4.75
Elsafty, A., & Hanafi, N. A. (2023). Investigating employee engagement of engineering teams of long-term domestic projects: Multinational organizations under hybrid-working model in Egypt. International Journal of Business Administration, 14(3), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v14n3p17
Fisher, G. G., Bulger, C. A., & Smith, C. S. (2009). Beyond work and family: A measure of work/nonwork interference and enhancement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(4), 441–456. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016737
Gartner (2021). Digital workers say flexibility is key to their productivity. Gartner. https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/digital-workers-say-flexibility-is-key-to-their-productivity
Hada, R. I. P., Rolland, E. F., & Nursiani, N. P. (2020). Flexible working arrangement dan pengaruhnya terhadap work-life balance pada resellers online shop. Jurnal Ekobis: Ekonomi, Bisnis & Manajemen, 10(2), 162–171. https://doi.org/10.37932/j.e.v10i2.111
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.21427/D7CF7R
Iba, Z., & Wardhana, A. (2023). Metode penelitian. Eureka Media Aksara.
Irawati, E. (2019). Menyongsong flexible working arrangement bagi ASN. Jurnal Analis Kebijakan, 3(1), 108–113. http://jak.lan.go.id/index.php/jurnalpusaka/article/download/57/48/
Jamaludin, N. L., & Kamal, A. (2023). The relationship between remote work and job satisfaction: The mediating role of perceived autonomy. Information Management and Business Review, 15(3), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i3(SI).3453
Jindain, C., & Gilitwala, B. (2024). The factors impacting the intermediating variable of employee engagement toward employee performance in a hybrid working model. Rajagiri Management Journal, 18(2), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAMJ-08-2023-0237
Kusumah, E. P. (2023). Metode penelitian bisnis: Analisa data melalui SPSS dan Smart-PLS. Deepublish.
Lobo, S., & Ashwini, R. (2015). A study on employee engagement. Adarsh Journal of Management Research, 8(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.21095/ajmr/2015/v8/i1/88244
Nahdiah, & Khalid, Z. (2024). Pengaruh perceived organizational support dan work-life balance terhadap employee engagement dengan mediasi kepuasan kerja. Lokawati: Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset, 2(5), 427–452. https://doi.org/10.61132/lokawati.v2i5.1227
Nastiti, R., & Lisandri. (2022). Flexible working arrangement, work-life balance dan kinerja pekerja perempuan di Kota Banjarmasin di tengah pandemi. Jurnal Riset Inspirasi Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 6(1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.35130/jrimk.v6i1.276
Natasya, N. S., & Awaluddin, R. (2021). The effect of quality of work life, organizational culture and job satisfaction on employee engagement. Bina Bangsa International Journal of Business and Management, 1(2), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.46306/bbijbm.v1i2.16
Ogueyungbo, O., Maloma, A., Igbinoba, E., Salau, O., Maxwell, O., & Hezekiah, F. (2019). A review of flexible work arrangements initiatives in the Nigerian telecommunication industry. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(3), 934–950. https://iaeme.com/MasterAdmin/Journal_uploads/IJCIET/VOLUME_10_ISSUE_3/IJCIET_10_03_092.pdf
Phaninder, V. V. S. R. (2023). Demographic factors impact on the employee engagement of employees working from home or on hybrid model in IT companies, Bangalore, India. International Journal of Social Sciences Arts & Humanities, 10(3), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25748.07049
Pradana, M. (2015). Klasifikasi jenis-jenis bisnis e-commerce di Indonesia. Jurnal Neo-Bis, 9(2), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.21107/nbs.v9i2.1271
Priyambodo, K., Suardhika, I. N., & Widnyana, W. (2024). The role of employee engagement as mediation on the effect of work life balance and organizational climate on employee performance at PT. Anugerah Agung Alami Bali. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 7(7), 4648–4657. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v7-i7-82
Purba, S. D., Nilawati, L., Nugroho, Y. A. B., Budianto, E., & Geat, J. L. K. (2024). Unlocking work autonomy: A hybrid approach for sustainable job satisfaction in the post-COVID era. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 15(1), 144–159. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v15i1.50277
Rahman, M. F. (2019). Impact of flexible work arrangements on job satisfaction among the female teachers in the higher education sector. European Journal of Business and Management, 11(18), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.7176/EJBM/11-18-11
Rawashdeh, A. M., Almasarweh, M. S., & Jaber, J. (2016). Do flexible work arrangements affect job satisfaction and work-life balance in Jordanian private airlines? International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 8(3), 172–184. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/do-flexible-work-arrangements-affect-job/docview/1809941834/se-2
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J.-M. (2024). SmartPLS 4 [Computer software]. SmartPLS. https://www.smartpls.com/
Ritawaty, N., Umairah, S., Hadziq, K., Sitorus, F., & Tarigan, S. E. (2024). Analisis studi literatur tantangan penerapan flexible working. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(6), 2162–2171. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v5i6.1226
Roscoe, J. T. (1975). Fundamental research statistics for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Saarenoksa, M. (2021). The impact of flexible working on productivity and job satisfaction: Case future of work in agile R&D. University of Jyväskylä School of Business and Economics.
Safria, D. (2022). Pengaruh work life balance, kepemimpinan transformasional, dan budaya organisasi terhadap employee engagement dalam membentuk kinerja pada karyawan generasi Y. Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Perbankan, 8(2), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.35384/jemp.v8i2.269
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
Stefanie, K., Suryani, E., & Maharani, A. (2020). Flexible work arrangement, work life balance, kepuasan kerja, dan loyalitas karyawan pada situasi COVID-19. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, dan Akuntansi), 4(3), 1725–1750. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.vol4.iss3.pp1725-1750
Ugiwisa, A., & Ariffin, Z. (2024). The effect of flexible working arrangement on job satisfaction with work life balance as an intervening variable in women workers at PT. Mas Arya Indonesia. Asian Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship and Social Science, 4(3), 2017–2039. https://doi.org/10.63922/ajmesc.v4i03.1067
Vorina, A., Simonič, M., & Vlasova, M. (2017). An analysis of the relationship between job satisfaction and employee engagement. Economic Themes, 55(2), 243–262. https://doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2017-0014
Weideman, M., & Hofmeyr, K. B. (2020). The influence of flexible work arrangements on employee engagement: An exploratory study. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 18, a1209. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v18i0.1209
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nessa Desnari Lapian, Sylvia Diana Purba

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.












