PERBANDINGAN PENELITIAN FINANCIAL DISTRESS PADA BANK UMUM KONVENSIONAL DI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24002/modus.v34i1.5009Abstract
ABSTRACT
Financial distress is a common phenomenon occurred in the business organizations, including banking industry. The financial distress banks will experience significant decline in their financial performance which require an immediate improvement to mitigate the worsen condition and bankruptcy. This research is aimed to compare previous studies on financial distress in the conventional commercial banks in Indonesia undertaken by various researchers. In overall, 30 relevant researches from the period of 2015 to 2021 will be compared and analyzed. The comparison will cover the use of different tools of analysis, dependent and independent variables, and relationship patterns among those variables. The result shows that logistic regression is the most frequent tools of analysis used by researchers in identifying the financial distress condition in the conventional commercial banks in Indonesia. Meanwhile, dummy variable is the most intensive dependent variable used in various studies. Most of researchers have used NPL, CAR, and ROA as independent variables in their researches. Furthermore, there were inconsistent influence pattern of various factors on financial distress.
Keywords: comparison; conventional commercial banks; financial distress.
ABSTRAK
Kesulitan keuangan (financial distress) merupakan fenomena yang umum terjadi dalam organisasi bisnis, termasuk industri perbankan. Bank yang sedang dalam kesulitan keuangan biasanya mengalami penurunan signifikan dalam kinerja keuangan dan memerlukan perbaikan segera untuk meminimalkan risiko terjadinya kondisi yang lebih buruk dan kebangkrutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya mengenai kesulitan keuangan pada bank umum konvensional di Indonesia yang dilakukan oleh berbagai peneliti. Secara keseluruhan, sebanyak 30 penelitian yang relevan selama periode 2015-2021 dibandingkan dan dianalisis. Perbandingan ini meliputi penggunaan berbagai alat analisis, variabel dependen dan independen, dan pola hubungan antar variabel tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regresi logistik merupakan alat analisis yang paling sering digunakan dalam mengidentifikasi kondisi kesulitan keuangan pada bank-bank umum konvensional di Indonesia. Sementara itu, dummy variable merupakan variabel dependen yang paling banyak dipakai dalam berbagai studi. Mayoritas peneliti telah menggunakan NPL, CAR, dan ROA sebagai variabel independen dalam penelitian mereka. Selanjutnya, terdapat pola yang tidak konsisten dalam pengaruh berbagai faktor terhadap kesulitan keuangan.
Kata kunci: perbandingan; bank umum konvensional; financial distress.
References
Africa, Laely Aghe, 2016. Financial Distress for Bankruptcy Early Warning by the Risk Analysis on Go-public Banks in Indonesia. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 259-270.
Africa, Laely Aghe, 2018. Bankometer Models for Predicting Financial Distress in Banking Industry. Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 241-256.
Africa, Laely Aghe, 2019. Financial Distress Prediction using RGEC Model on Foreign Exchange Banks and Non-Foreign Exchange Banks. Journal of Accounting and Strategic Finance (JASF), Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 48-55.
Amalia, Shendy, Darwis Agustriana, Neneng Susanti, 2020. The Prevention of Financial Distress on Banking Financial Performance in Indonesia. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), Vol. 3, No. 4, November, pp. 3156-3169.
Aminah, Suci, Noviansyah Rizal, Muhammad Taufiq, 2019. Pengaruh Rasio CAMEL terhadap Financial Distress pada Sektor Perbankan. Progress Conference, Vol. 2, July, pp. 146-156.
Andari, Ni Made Meliani dan I Gusti Bagus Wiksuana, 2017. RGEC sebagai Determinasi dalam Menanggulangi Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Perbankan di Bursa Efek Indonesia. E-Jurnal Manajemen Unud, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 116-145.
Aouaki, N. dan J.P. den Heijer, 2009. Financial Distress: A Measure of Financial Distress between Publicly-Traded and Privately-Held Firms in the EU during Times of Economic Crisis. Department of Business Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Roterdam.
Dwijayanti, S. Patricia Febrimi, 2010. Penyebab, Dampak, dan Prediksi dari Financial Distress serta Solusi untuk Mengatasi Financial Distress. Jurnal Akuntansi Kontemporer, Vol. 2, No. 2, hal. 191-205.
Fachrudin, Khaira Amalia, 2020. The Relationship between Financial Distress and Financial Health Prediction Model: A Study in Public Manufacturing Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, Vol. 22, No. 1, hal. 18-27.
Farooq, Umar, Muhammad Ali Jibran Qamar, dan Abdul Haque, 2018. A Three-stage Dynamic Model of Financial Distress. Managerial Finance, Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 1101-1116.
Febrianto, Gustaf Naufan, 2021. Deteksi Financial Distress bagi Perusahaan Bank Umum yang Terdaftar di BEI (Bursa Efek Indonesia) saat Pandemi Covid 19. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen (JEM), Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 45-64.
Habibie, Maksum, 2018. Studi Kesulitan Keuangan (Financial Distress) pada Bank Listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Skripsi. STIE Indonesia Banking School, Jakarta.
Hantono, 2019. Memprediksi Financial Distress dengan Menggunakan Model Altman Score, Grover Score, Zmijewski Score (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Perbankan). Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Going Concern, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 168-180.
Hendi dan Kellys, 2021. Prediksi Financial Distress Menggunakan Model Z-Score pada Bank yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Conference on Management, Business, Innovation, Education and Social Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 987-998.
Herlangga, Muhammad Afjhani dan Irni Yunita, 2020. Pengaruh Financial Distress terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Perbankan Konvensional di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2014-2018. e-Proceeding of Management, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 5474-5484.
Indrianti, Fransiska Novina Hayu, Sutrisno T., dan Erwin Saraswati, 2020. Effect of Governance on the Efficiency of the Indonesian Banking Industry. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Bisnis, Vol. 15, Issue. 1, pp. 93-106.
Indriyani, Ulfa dan Shinta Ningtiyas Nazar, 2020. Pengaruh Makro Ekonomi dan Rasio Perbankan terhadap Prediksi Financial Distress (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2017). Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Universitas Pamulang, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 53-62.
Ismawati, Kun dan Paula Chrisna Istria, 2015. Detektor Financial Distress Perusahaan Perbankan Indonesia. Ekonomi Bisnis & Kewirausahaan, Vol. IV, No. 1, pp. 6-29.
Khaliq, Ahmad, Basheer Hussein Motawe Altarturi, Hassanudin Mohd. Thas Thaker, Md. Yousuf Harun, dan Nurun Nahar, 2014. Identifying Financial Distress Firms: A Case Study of Malaysia’s Government Linked Companies (GLC). International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 141-150.
Kristanti, Farida Titik, Deannes Isynuwardhana, dan Sri Rahayu, 2019. Market Concentration, Diversification, and Financial Distress in the Indonesian Banking System. Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 514–524.
Kuncoro, Sarwo dan Linda Agustina, 2017. Factors to Predict The Financial Distress Condition of the Banking Listed in The Indonesia Stock Exchange. Accounting Analysis Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 39-47.
Kurnia, Riana Afliha Eka, Tjiptohadi Sawarjuwono, dan Sri Herianingrum, 2017. Manajemen Risiko Pembiayaan untuk Mengantisipasi Kondisi Financial Distress pada Bank Syariah. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 51-64.
Labita, Media dan Siska Priyandani Yudowati, 2020. Analisis Penilaian Kesehatan Bank Berbasis RGEC terhadap Financial Distress (Studi pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada Tahun 2014-2018). Jurnal Mitra Manajemen (JMM Online), Vol. 4, No. 8, pp. 1249-1262.
Mu’aawanah, 2017. Analisis CAR, NPL, BOPO dan LDR terhadap Financial Distress pada Bank Umum Swasta Nasional Devisa Tahun 2012-2015. Artikel Ilmiah. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Perbanas, Surabaya.
Nelmida, 2019. What are the Factors Financial Distress? The National Private Commercial Banks in Indonesia Case. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Research (IJER), Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 13-20.
Nirmalasari, Shindita Apriliani, 2020. Analisis Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan dan Variabel Makro terhadap Prediksi Financial Distress pada Bank Syariah dan Bank Konvensional dengan Metode Altman Z-Score Modifikasi Periode 2016-2019. Skripsi. Program Studi Perbankan Syariah, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Salatiga.
Nisa, Anindya Aulia, Elok Sri Utami, dan Ana Mufidah, 2020. Analisis Kondisi Financial Distress Pada Perusahaan Perbankan di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Bulletin of Management and Business (BMB), Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 1-10.
Nurhayati, Anna Mufidah, dan Asna Nur Kholidah, 2017. The Determinants of Financial Distress of Basic Industry and Chemical Companies Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Review of Management and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 01, No. 02, pp. 19-26.
Oz, Ibrahim Onur dan Tezer Yelkenci, 2017. A Theoretical Approach to Financial Distress Prediction Modeling. Managerial Finance, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 212-230.
Pristianti, Rista Nurfadila dan Musdholifah, 2020. Pengaruh Risk Based Bank Rating terhadap Financial Distress pada BUSN Non Devisa. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 717-733.
Putri, Elysa Lisitiana, 2018. Prediksi financial distress dengan analisis risk, good corporate governance, earnings, capital, dan size pada Bank Umum Swasta Nasional Devisa. Management and Business Review, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 93‐105.
Rahman, Mahfuzur, Cheong Li Sa, dan Md. Abdul Kaium Masud, 2021. Predicting Firms’ Financial Distress: An Empirical Analysis Using the F-Score Model. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, Vol. 14, No. 199.
Shidiq, Imaduddin dan Budi Wibowo, 2017. Prediksi Financial Distress Bank Umum di Indonesia: Analisis Diskriminan dan Regresi Logistik. Esensi: Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 27-40.
Simbolon, Jaya Soogoron, 2018. Analisis Kinerja Keuangan dalam Memprediksi Kondisi Financial Distress pada Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Skripsi. Program Studi Strata-1 Manajemen Ekstensi, Departemen Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan.
Sutra, Fitria Marlistiara dan Rimi Gusliana Mais, 2019. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Financial Distress dengan Pendekatan Altman Z-Score pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015-2017. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Manajemen, Vol 16, No. 01, hal. 35-72.
Tejo, Bimo Ario Tejo dan Dewi Hanggraeni, 2020. The Effects of Credit Risk and Financial Performance to Financial Distress Prediction of Listed Banks in Indonesia. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, Vol. 160, pp. 151-156.
Wahyuni, Dian dan Linda Hetri Suriyanti, 2018. Prediksi Financial Distress Dengan Altman Modifikasi Dan Springate Pada Perbankan Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015-2017. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Ekonomika, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 216-223.
Widyasari, Permata Ayu dan Evelyn Christina Kurniawan, 2020. Pengaruh Pelaporan Keuangan Melalui Internet dan Tata Kelola pada Kesulitan Keuangan di Sektor Perbankan. Jurnal Akuntansi, Vol. 10, No.2, pp. 165-182.
Wilevy, Wiwip dan Augustina Kurniasih, 2021. Financial Distress of Registered Banking in Indonesia STOCK Exchange: Review of the Good Corporate Governance Aspect and Banking Performance. European Journal of Business and Management Research, Vol. 6, Issue 2, pp. 181-186.
Wulandari, Yulita, Musdholifah, dan Suhal Kusairi, 2017. The Impact of Macroeconomic and Internal Factors on Banking Distress. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues (EJEFI), Vol 7, No. 3, pp. 429-436.
