Corrections and Retractions

IJIS is committed to maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record. When errors or ethical problems are found in a published article, the journal follows the COPE Retraction Guidelines.

Corrections. Errors that do not invalidate the findings of the article, such as errors in author names, affiliations, figures, tables, or references, are corrected through an erratum or corrigendum. The corrected version is published online, a notice is attached to the original article, and the correction is clearly dated and linked.

Expressions of concern. If there is credible evidence of a problem with an article but the investigation is ongoing or inconclusive, the editors may issue an expression of concern.

Retractions. An article will be retracted if there is clear evidence that its findings are unreliable due to serious error or fabrication, if it constitutes plagiarism or redundant publication, if it contains material or data used without permission, or if it reports unethical research. A retraction notice, stating the reason for retraction and who initiated it, is published and linked to the original article. The retracted article remains accessible, clearly marked as retracted, in order to preserve the scholarly record. In rare cases, content may be removed entirely if it is defamatory, infringes legal rights, or poses a serious health risk.

Authors, readers, and institutions who identify an error or an ethical concern should contact the editorial office.